涡旋波turbulence的共振扰动控制
Control of scroll wave turbulence using resonant perturbations
摘要：
涡卷波湍流是存在于三维可激发介质中的一种时空混沌现象。心脏组织和Belousov-Zhabotinsky反应是这种介质的例子。在心脏组织中，混乱的行为被认为是纤维性颤动的基础，如果不进行干预，就会导致心脏死亡。在这项研究中，我们调查抑制湍流使用两种不同类型的刺激，“调制的兴奋性”和“额外的跨膜电流”。考虑到心脏除颤，我们使用单个脉冲以及具有恒定和反馈控制频率的重复额外电流。我们表明，湍流可以终止使用共振调制的兴奋性或共振额外的电流。使用共振频率扰动比使用非共振频率扰动以更高的概率终止湍流。在激发性调制和额外电流模式中，使用谐振频率的湍流抑制比使用非谐振频率快50倍。我们还表明，共振扰动需要的强度比一个单一的脉冲，这是目前在临床实践中使用的终止心脏纤颤的强度低一个数量级。我们的研究结果提供了一个强大的方法来控制复杂的混沌时空过程。螺旋波的共振漂移已经在二维中被广泛研究，然而，这些结果首次表明，它也适用于三维，尽管涡卷波湍流的复杂性。
英文摘要：
Turbulence of scroll waves is a sort of spatio-temporal chaos that exists in three-dimensional excitable media. Cardiac tissue and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction are examples of such media. In cardiac tissue, chaotic behaviour is believed to underlie fibrillation which, without intervention, precedes cardiac death. In this study we investigate suppression of the turbulence using stimulation of two different types, "modulation of excitability" and "extra transmembrane current". With cardiac defibrillation in mind, we used a single pulse as well as repetitive extra current with both constant and feedback controlled frequency. We show that turbulence can be terminated using either a resonant modulation of excitability or a resonant extra current. The turbulence is terminated with much higher probability using a resonant frequency perturbation than a non-resonant one. Suppression of the turbulence using a resonant frequency is up to fifty times faster than using a non-resonant frequency, in both the modulation of excitability and the extra current modes. We also demonstrate that resonant perturbation requires strength one order of magnitude lower than that of a single pulse, which is currently used in clinical practice to terminate cardiac fibrillation. Our results provide a robust method of controlling complex chaotic spatio-temporal processes. Resonant drift of spiral waves has been studied extensively in two dimensions, however, these results show for the first time that it also works in three dimensions, despite the complex nature of the scroll wave turbulence.
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