自组织与复杂网络
Self-Organization and Complex Networks
摘要：
在这一章中，我们将讨论如何将分形理论和自组织临界性（SOC）理论中的结果作为自适应网络模型的成分进行有效利用。为了保持介绍的独立性，我们首先回顾了分形理论和SOC背后的基本思想，然后简要回顾了复杂网络领域的一些结果，以及已经提出的一些模型。最后，我们提出了Garlaschelli等人最近提出的自组织模型。[Nat.Phys.3，813（2007）]耦合了Caldarelli等人定义的健身网络模型。89，258702（2002）]与Bak和Sneppen [Phys.Rev.Lett. 71，4083（1993）]作为SOC的原型。值得注意的是，我们表明，当它们耦合在一起时，这两个模型分别获得的结果发生了显着变化。这表明，自组织网络可能代表了一类全新的复杂系统，其性质无法根据我们迄今为止所学到的知识直接理解。
英文摘要：
In this chapter we discuss how the results developed within the theory of fractals and Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) can be fruitfully exploited as ingredients of adaptive network models. In order to maintain the presentation self-contained, we first review the basic ideas behind fractal theory and SOC. We then briefly review some results in the field of complex networks, and some of the models that have been proposed. Finally, we present a self-organized model recently proposed by Garlaschelli et al. [Nat. Phys. 3, 813 (2007)] that couples the fitness network model defined by Caldarelli et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 258702 (2002)] with the evolution model proposed by Bak and Sneppen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4083 (1993)] as a prototype of SOC. Remarkably, we show that the results obtained for the two models separately change dramatically when they are coupled together. This indicates that self-organized networks may represent an entirely novel class of complex systems, whose properties cannot be straightforwardly understood in terms of what we have learnt so far.
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