在二次声实验中观察到的He II介电活性的可能性质
Possible nature of the dielectric activity of He II observed in experiments with second sound
摘要：
本文试图解释在He Ⅱ中观测到的电信号的二次声驻波的性质。利用一般量子力学原理，我们表明，由于原子间的相互作用，每个原子的He-II获得一个小的波动诱导偶极矩。一个定向流量的微观涡环-这与声子一起，是热激发的He II -形式在第二声驻波半波。该通量部分地对原子的混沌取向的偶极矩进行了排序，这导致了He II的体积极化。观察到的电感应可以在理论上解释的假设下，每个涡环具有一个偶极矩的数量级为10个原子的时刻。它还示出，在He II的体积系统的偶极子诱导的电压U的理论值强烈依赖于任何起源的偶极子的谐振器的尺寸。对于两个不同尺寸的谐振器，U的实验值是相同的;因此，该电压可能与He II的体极化无关。
英文摘要：
An attempt is made to explain the nature of the electric signal observed in He II in a second-sound standing wave. Using the general quantum-mechanical principles, we show that, due to interatomic interaction, each atom of He-II acquires a small fluctuating induced dipole moment. A directed flux of microscopic vortex rings -- which, together with phonons, are thermal excitations of He II -- forms in the second-sound standing halfwave. This flux partially orders the chaotically oriented dipole moments of the atoms, which results in volume polarization of He II. The observed electric induction can be explained theoretically under the assumption that each vortex ring possesses a dipole moment of the order of ten atomic moments. It is shown also that the theoretical value of the voltage U induced in He II by the volume system of dipoles strongly depends on the dimensions of the resonator for dipoles of any origin. The experimental value of U is the same for two resonators of different size; therefore, this voltage may be not connected with the volume polarization of He II.
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