寒武纪大爆发的C值之谜和时间
The C-value enigma and timing of the Cambrian explosion
摘要：
寒武纪大爆发是对当今科学的巨大挑战，涉及多学科的研究。尽管在后生动物起源的性质和时间上存在许多争议，但人们普遍认为这一事件是遗传创新、环境因素和生态相互作用的结果。问题的关键在于，缺少一个完整的进化路线图来辨别生物复杂性的转变，并评估寒武纪大爆发在整个进化背景中的关键作用。在这里，我们通过一个创新的和准确的“C值时钟”计算寒武纪爆发的时间;我们的结果（5.6亿年前）非常符合化石记录。阐明了基因组进化的内在原因决定了寒武纪生物大爆发。找到了一个估算不同物种基因组大小的通用公式，解决了C值之谜的主要问题，并说明了基因组大小的进化。寒武纪大爆发本质上是生物复杂性的一次重大转变，它对应着基因组大小进化的一个转折点。观察到的最大原核复杂性只是寒武纪大爆发的遗迹，它受到观察到的宇宙中最大信息存储能力的监督。我们的研究结果为后生动物起源和分子进化的研究开辟了新的前景。
英文摘要：
The Cambrian explosion is a grand challenge to science today and involves multidisciplinary study. This event is generally believed as a result of genetic innovations, environmental factors and ecological interactions, even though there are many conflicts on nature and timing of metazoan origins. The crux of the matter is that an entire roadmap of the evolution is missing to discern the biological complexity transition and to evaluate the critical role of the Cambrian explosion in the overall evolutionary context. Here we calculate the time of the Cambrian explosion by an innovative and accurate "C-value clock"; our result (560 million years ago) quite fits the fossil records. We clarify that the intrinsic reason of genome evolution determined the Cambrian explosion. A general formula for evaluating genome size of different species has been found, by which major questions of the C-value enigma can be solved and the genome size evolution can be illustrated. The Cambrian explosion is essentially a major transition of biological complexity, which corresponds to a turning point in genome size evolution. The observed maximum prokaryotic complexity is just a relic of the Cambrian explosion and it is supervised by the maximum information storage capability in the observed universe. Our results open a new prospect of studying metazoan origins and molecular evolution.
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