费曼，菲尔德和福克斯失败的地方以及我们如何在RHIC修复它
Where Feynman, Field and Fox failed and how we fixed it at RHIC
摘要：
1972年，在CERN ISR上，利用包含单个或成对的大横动量强子（$p_T$）进行测量，发现了p-p碰撞中点状组分（或部分子）的硬散射。在费曼、菲尔德和福克斯（FFF）的一篇开创性论文之后（我在1979年的Moriond会议上发表的一次演讲中对此进行了大量讨论），人们普遍认为"你想知道的关于硬散射和喷流的一切“都可以通过这些方法测量。最近，我们在PHENIX中发现，来自单粒子触发器[具有$p_{T_t}$ ]的远离侧强子的$p_{T_a}$分布不能像FFF最初声称的那样用于测量远离喷流的碎裂函数。导出了一个新的公式，它既表现出变量$x_E\sim p_{T_a}/p_{T_t}$（1979年的一个热门话题）的标度性，又把$x_E$、$\sim$（被测粒子的横动量之比）与$\hat{x}_h=\hat{p}_{T_a}/\hat{p}_{T_t}$（远离侧喷流与靠近侧喷流的横动量之比）联系起来。检验的有效性的公式和应用的Au+Au中心碰撞RHIC（喷流不能重建）进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
Hard-scattering of point-like constituents (or partons) in p-p collisions was discovered at the CERN-ISR in 1972 by measurements utilizing inclusive single or pairs of hadrons with large transverse momentum ($p_T$). It was generally assumed following a seminal paper by Feynman, Field and Fox (FFF) (and much discussed in a talk that I gave at the 1979 Rencontres de Moriond) that ``everything you wanted to know about hard-scattering and jets'' could be measured by these methods. Recently, we found in PHENIX that the $p_{T_a}$ distribution of away side hadrons from a single particle trigger [with $p_{T_t}$] which is a leading fragment of the trigger jet, could not be used to measure the fragmentation function of the away jet as originally claimed by FFF. A new formula was derived which both exhibits scaling in the variable $x_E\sim p_{T_a}/p_{T_t}$ (a hot topic in 1979) and relates $x_E$, $\sim$ the ratio of the transverse momenta of the measured particles, to $\hat{x}_h=\hat{p}_{T_a}/\hat{p}_{T_t}$, the ratio of the transverse momenta of the away-side to trigger-side jets. Tests of the validity of the formula and applications to Au+Au central collisions at RHIC (where jets can not be reconstructed) are discussed.
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