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arXiv 0805.3103astro-phgr-qchep-th
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脉冲星计时对引力波速度的限制

Limits on the speed of gravitational waves from pulsar timing

D. Baskaran, A. G. Polnarev, M. S. Pshirkov, K. A. Postnov

摘要:

本文通过分析电磁波在引力波场中的传播,说明了冲浪效应的存在及其对脉冲星定时测量的意义。结果表明,由于引力波的横向性质,当引力波的传播速度小于光速时,冲浪效应将导致巨大的脉冲星计时残差。这一事实允许对参数$ε$施加显著的约束,参数$ε$表征引力波的速度与光速的相对偏差。我们表明,现有的脉冲星定时测量的限制已经把严格的限制$ε$,从而对引力子$m_g$的质量。这些对$m_g$的限制比目前太阳系测试的限制强三个数量级。目前的限制也允许排除大质量引力子作为星系晕中冷暗物质的可能候选者。在不久的将来,来自河外超大质量黑洞双星的引力波背景,以及预期的亚微秒脉冲星计时精度,将允许实现$ε\lesssim 0.4\%$的约束,并可能更强。

英文摘要:

In this work, analyzing the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the field of gravitational waves, we show the presence and significance of the so called surfing effect for pulsar timing measurements. It is shown that, due to the transverse nature of gravitational waves, the surfing effect leads to enormous pulsar timing residuals if the speed of gravitational waves is smaller than speed of light. This fact allows to place significant constraints on parameter $ε$, which characterizes the relative deviation of the speed of gravitational waves from the speed of light. We show that the existing constraints from pulsar timing measurements already place stringent limits on $ε$ and consequently on the mass of graviton $m_g$. These limits on $m_g$ are three orders of magnitude stronger than the current constraints from Solar System tests. The current constraints also allow to rule out massive gravitons as possible candidates for cold dark matter in galactic halo. In the near future, the gravitational wave background from extragalactic super massive black hole binaries, along with the expected sub-microsecond pulsar timing accuracy, will allow to achieve constrains of $ε\lesssim 0.4\%$ and possibly stronger.

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