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arXiv 0805.2153astro-ph
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采用自适应光学的精密天体测量

Precision Astrometry with Adaptive Optics

P. B. Cameron, M. C. Britton, S. R. Kulkarni

摘要:

我们使用银河系球状星团M5的核心研究了自适应光学地基天体测量的局限性。自适应光学系统提供了世界上最大的望远镜近衍射极限成像。分辨率和信噪比的大幅提高使地面上的高精度天体测量成为可能。我们描述了占主导地位的系统误差,通常限制地基差分天体测量,并列举了观测考虑,以减轻其影响。在实施这些措施后,我们发现在这个实验中天体测量性能的主要限制是由倾斜非等晕性。然后,我们提出了一个最佳的估计技术,用于测量一颗星相对于网格的参考星在面对这个相关的随机噪声源的位置。我们的方法具有减少天体测量误差的优势,作为时间的平方根,比参考星数量的平方根更快-有效地消除了由大气倾斜引起的噪声,使天体测量性能受到定心精度的限制。使用50颗参考星,我们证明了单历元天体测量精度为1秒内~ 1 mas,在Hale 200英寸望远镜上积分时间为2分钟内降至< 100微弧秒。我们还表明,我们的天体测量是精确到<100微弧秒的观测间隔2个月。最后,我们讨论了当前和下一代大口径望远镜的极限和潜力的差分天体测量。在这个精度水平上,许多天体测量应用变得容易,包括行星探测,天体测量微透镜特征,以及遥远银河系恒星星族的运动学。

英文摘要:

We investigate the limits of ground-based astrometry with adaptive optics using the core of the Galactic globular cluster M5. Adaptive optics systems provide near diffraction-limit imaging with the world's largest telescopes. The substantial improvement in both resolution and signal-to-noise ratio enables high-precision astrometry from the ground. We describe the dominant systematic errors that typically limit ground-based differential astrometry, and enumerate observational considerations for mitigating their effects. After implementing these measures, we find that the dominant limitation on astrometric performance in this experiment is caused by tilt anisoplanatism. We then present an optimal estimation technique for measuring the position of one star relative to a grid of reference stars in the face of this correlated random noise source. Our methodology has the advantage of reducing the astrometric errors as the square root of time and faster than the square root of the number of reference stars -- effectively eliminating noise caused by atmospheric tilt to the point that astrometric performance is limited by centering accuracy. Using 50 reference stars we demonstrate single-epoch astrometric precision of ~ 1 mas in 1 second, decreasing to < 100 microarcseconds in 2 minutes of integration time at the Hale 200-inch telescope. We also show that our astrometry is accurate to <~ 100 microarcseconds for observations separated by 2 months. Finally, we discuss the limits and potential of differential astrometry with current and next generation large aperture telescopes. At this level of accuracy, numerous astrometric applications become accessible, including planet detection, astrometric microlensing signatures, and kinematics of distant Galactic stellar populations.

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