量子气体中单原子的高分辨成像
High Resolution Imaging of Single Atoms in a Quantum Gas
摘要：
我们对超冷量子气体的认识受到我们探测这些物体的能力的强烈影响。原位成像结合单原子灵敏度是一个特别有吸引力的方案，因为它可以提供直接的信息，这种系统的结构和相关性。为了精确表征，高空间分辨率是强制性的。特别是，研究光晶格中的量子气体的前景使得分辨率远低于1微米是非常理想的。在这里，我们报告了一种新的显微镜技术，它是基于扫描电子显微镜，并允许检测量子气体内的单个原子的空间分辨率优于150 nm。对周期为600 nm的一维光晶格中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体进行成像，我们证明了亚微米光晶格中的单点寻址能力。该技术为量子气体的制备、操作和分析提供了令人兴奋的可能性。
英文摘要：
Our knowledge on ultracold quantum gases is strongly influenced by our ability to probe these objects. In situ imaging combined with single atom sensitivity is an especially appealing scenario as it can provide direct information on the structure and the correlations of such systems. For a precise characterization a high spatial resolution is mandatory. In particular, the perspective to study quantum gases in optical lattices makes a resolution well below one micrometer highly desirable. Here, we report on a novel microscopy technique which is based on scanning electron microscopy and allows for the detection of single atoms inside a quantum gas with a spatial resolution of better than 150 nm. Imaging a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice with 600 nm period we demonstrate single site addressability in a sub-um optical lattice. The technique offers exciting possibilities for the preparation, manipulation and analysis of quantum gases.
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