在atmospheric pressure下空气和氮气中水的蒸发系数与温度的关系;水滴中的研究
Temperature dependence of evaporation coeffcient of water in air and nitrogen under atmospheric pressure; study in water droplets
摘要：
通过对纯水滴蒸发过程的研究，得到了水在空气和氮气中的蒸发系数随温度的变化关系。液滴在置于保持大气压力的气候室中的电动阱中悬浮。通过分析角分辨光散射米氏干涉图，高精度地研究了液滴半径的演变和蒸发动力学。应用了准稳态液滴演变模型，考虑了液滴表面附近的动力学效应。特别是，热渗出（热扩散的短程模拟）的效果进行了讨论和说明。发现在空气和氮气中的蒸发系数α相等。在273.1 ~ 293.1 K温度范围内，α值从~ 0.18减小到~ 0.13，并遵循Arcidius公式的变化趋势。与Li等用不同的方法得到的冷凝系数值的一致性。[1]被认为是优秀的。在两种方法中使用的实验条件的比较表明，蒸发/冷凝系数的依赖性，对液滴电荷，也没有环境气体压力的实验参数范围内。在相同温度范围内的热适应系数的平均值被认为是1 \pm 0.05。
英文摘要：
The evaporation coefficients of water in air and nitrogen were found as a function of temperature, by studying the evaporation of pure water droplet. The droplet was levitated in an electrodynamic trap placed in a climatic chamber maintaining atmospheric pressure. Droplet radius evolution and evaporation dynamics were studied with high precision by analyzing the angle-resolved light scattering Mie interference patterns. A model of quasi-stationary droplet evolution, accounting for the kinetic effects near the droplet surface was applied. In particular, the effect of thermal effusion (a short range analogue of thermal diffusion) was discussed and accounted for. The evaporation coefficient αin air and in nitrogen were found equal. αwas found to decrease from ~ 0.18 to ~ 0.13 for the temperature range from 273.1 K to 293.1 K and follow the trend given by Arrhenius formula. The agreement with condensation coefficient values obtained with essentially different method by Li et al.[1] was found excellent. The comparison of experimental conditions used in both methods revealed no dependence of evaporation/condensation coefficient upon droplet charge nor ambient gas pressure within experimental parameters range. The average value of thermal accommodation coefficient over the same temperature range was found to be 1 \pm 0.05.
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