Recent innovations on the differential calculus for functions of non-commuting variables, begun for a quaternionic variable, are now extended to the case of a general matrix over the complex numbers. The expansion of F(X+Delta) is given to first order in Delta for general matrix variables X and Delta that do not commute with each other.
In this brief note, we show that the hypotheses of Löwner's theorem on matrix monotonicity in several commuting variables as proved by Agler, McCarthy and Young can be significantly relaxed. Specifically, we extend their theorem from continuously differentiable locally matrix monotone functions to arbitrary locally matrix monotone functions using mollification techniques.
We introduce a variable exponent version of the Hardy space of analytic functions on the unit disk, we show some properties of the space, and give an example of a variable exponent $p(\cdot)$ that satisfies the $\log$-Hölder condition such that $H^{p(\cdot)}\neq H^q$ for any constant exponent $1<q<\infty$. We also consider the variable exponent version of the Hardy space on the upper-half plane.
We extend the study of the Pick class, the set of complex analytic functions taking the upper half plane into itself, to the noncommutative setting. R. Nevanlinna showed that elements of the Pick class have certain integral representations which reflect their asymptotic behavior at infinity. Loewner connected the Pick class to matrix monotone functions. We generalize the Nevanlinna representation theorems and Loewner's theorem on matrix monotone functions to the free Pick class, the collection of functions that map tuples of matrices with positive imaginary part into the matrices with positive…
Matrix-valued polynomials in any finite number of freely noncommuting variables that enjoy certain canonical partial convexity properties are characterized, via an algebraic certificate, in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities and Bilinear Matrix Inequalities.
This paper concerns analytic free maps. These maps are free analogs of classical analytic functions in several complex variables, and are defined in terms of non-commuting variables amongst which there are no relations - they are free variables. Analytic free maps include vector-valued polynomials in free (non-commuting) variables and form a canonical class of mappings from one non-commutative domain D in say g variables to another non-commutative domain D' in g' variables. As a natural extension of the usual notion, an analytic free map is proper if it maps the boundary of D into the boundary…
Here we follow the basic analysis that is common for real and complex variables and find how it can be applied to a quaternionic variable. Non-commutativity of the quaternion algebra poses obstacles for the usual manipulations; but we show how many of those obstacles can be overcome. After a tiny bit of linear algebra we look at the beginnings of differential calculus. The surprising result is that the first order term in the expansion of F(x+delta) is a compact formula involving both F'(x) and [F(x) - F(x*)]/(x-x*).
We consider the problem of approximation of matrix functions of class $L^p$ on the unit circle by matrix functions analytic in the unit disk in the norm of $L^p$, $2\le p<\be$. For an $m\times n$ matrix function $Φ$ in $L^p$, we consider the Hankel operator $H_Φ:H^q(C^n)\to H^2_-(C^m)$, $1/p+1/q=1/2$. It turns out that the space of $m\times n$ matrix functions in $L^p$ splits into two subclasses: the set of respectable matrix functions and the set of weird matrix functions. If $Φ$ is respectable, then its distance to the set of analytic matrix functions is equal to the norm of $H_Φ$. For weird…
We study the question of the existence of a dual extremal function for a bounded matrix function on the unit circle in connection with the problem of approximation by analytic matrix functions. We characterize the class of matrix functions, for which a dual extremal function exists in terms of the existence of a maximizing vector of the corresponding Hankel operator and in terms of certain special factorizations that involve thematic matrix functions.
Here we prove the convergence of the Ando-Li-Mathias and Bini-Meini-Poloni procedures for matrix means. Actually it is proved here that for a two-variable function which maps pairs of positive definite matrices to a positive definite matrix and is not greater than the square mean of two positive definite matrices, the Ando-Li-Mathias and Bini-Meini-Poloni procedure converges. In order to be able to set up the Bini-Meini-Poloni procedure, a weighted two-variable matrix mean is also needed. Therefore a definition of a two-variable weighted matrix mean corresponding to every symmetric matrix mean…
Several matrix/operator inequalies are given. Most of them are unexpected extensions of the Araki Log-majorization theorem, obtained thanks to a new log-majorization for positive linear maps and normal operators (Theorem 2.9). The main idea and technical tool is a two variables log-convex norm functional (Theorem 1.2).
For a rational matrix function $Φ$ with poles outside the unit circle, we estimate the degree of the unique superoptimal approximation $\AΦ$ by matrix functions analytic in the unit disk. We obtain sharp estimates in the case of $2\times2$ matrix functions. It turns out that ``generically'' $°\AΦ\le\degΦ-2$. We prove that for an arbitrary $2\times2$ rational function $Φ$, $°\AΦ\le2\degΦ-3$ whenever $\degΦ\ge2$. On the other hand, for $k\ge2$, we construct a $2\times2$ matrix function $Φ$, for which $\degΦ=k$, while $°\AΦ=2k-3$. Moreover, we conduct a detailed analysis of the situation when the…
We study the operator $\mathcal{A}$ of multiplication by an independent variable in a matrix Sobolev space $W^2(M)$. In the cases of finite measures on $[a,b]$ with $(2\times 2)$ and $(3\times 3)$ real continuous matrix weights of full rank it is shown that the operator $\mathcal{A}$ is symmetrizable. Namely, there exist two symmetric operators $\mathcal{B}$ and $\mathcal{C}$ in a larger space such that $\mathcal{A} f = \mathcal{C} \mathcal{B}^{-1} f$, $f\in D(\mathcal{A})$. As a corollary, we obtain some new orthogonality conditions for the associated Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. These con…
It was shown classically that matrix monotone and matrix convex functions must be real analytic by Löwner and Kraus respectively. Recently, various analogues have been found in several noncommuting variables. We develop a general framework for lifting automatic analyticity theorems in matrix analysis from one variable to several variables, the so-called "royal road theorem." That is, we establish the principle that the hard part of proving any automatic analyticity theorem lies in proving the one variable theorem. We use our main result to prove the noncommutative Löwner and Kraus theorems ove…
We follow a stream of the history of positive matrices and positive functionals, as applied to algebraic sums of squares decompositions, with emphasis on the interaction between classical moment problems, function theory of one or several complex variables and modern operator theory. The second part of the survey focuses on recently discovered connections between real algebraic geometry and optimization as well as polynomials in matrix variables and some control theory problems. These new applications have prompted a series of recent studies devoted to the structure of positivity and convexity…
Let $\mathcal{N}$ be a non-Archimedean ordered field extension of the real numbers that is real closed and Cauchy complete in the topology induced by the order, and whose Hahn group is Archimedean. In this paper, we first review the properties of weakly locally uniformly differentiable (WLUD) functions, $k$ times weakly locally uniformly differentiable (WLUD$^k$) functions, and WLUD$^\infty$ functions at a point or on an open subset of $\mathcal{N}$. Then we show under what conditions a WLUD$^\infty$ function at a point $x_0\in\mathcal{N}$ is analytic in an interval around $x_0$, that is, it h…
A classification theorem for linear differential equations in two variables (one real and one Grassmann) having polynomial solutions(the generalized Bochner problem) is given. The main result is based on the consideration of the eigenvalue problem for a polynomial element of the universal enveloping algebra of the algebra $osp(2,2)$ in the "projectivized" representation (in differential operators of the first order) possessing an invariant subspace. A classification of 2 x 2 matrix differential equations in one real variable possessing polynomial solutions is described. Connection to the recen…
Let $α\in\mathbb R$, $q\in(0,\infty]$, $p\in(0,\infty)$, and $W$ be an $A_p(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{C}^m)$-matrix weight. In this article, the authors characterize the matrix-weighted Triebel-Lizorkin space $\dot{F}_{p}^{α,q}(W)$ via the Peetre maximal function, the Lusin area function, and the Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^{*}$-function. As applications, the authors establish the boundedness of Fourier multipliers on matrix-weighted Triebel-Lizorkin spaces under the generalized Hörmander condition. The main novelty of these results exists in that their proofs need to fully use both the doubling property…