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arXiv 0804.2793astro-ph
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北极星的精确径向速度:振幅增长的探测

Precise Radial Velocities of Polaris: Detection of Amplitude Growth

Byeong-Cheol Lee, David. E. Mkrtichian, Inwoo Han, Myeong-Gu Park, Kang-Min Kim

摘要:

我们提出的第一个结果,从一个长期计划的径向速度研究造父变星北极星(F7 Ib)的目的是找到振幅和周期的脉动和性质的二次周期。2004-2007年,利用韩国宝贤山光学天文台(BOAO)1.8米望远镜的光纤光栅光谱仪(BOES)获得了264个新的径向速度精确测量结果。2005.183、2006.360和2007.349三个季节的北极星脉动径向速度振幅和周期分别为2K = 2.210 +/- 0.048 km/s、2K = 2.080 +/- 0.042 km/s和2K = 2.406 +/- 0.018 km/s。这表明在上个世纪已经衰减的北极星的脉动振幅现在正在迅速增加。脉动周期也在增加。这是第一次探测到造父变星中脉动振幅变化的历史转折。我们清楚地发现存在额外的径向速度变化的时间尺度约为119天,振幅约为+/- 138米/秒,这是准周期性的,而不是严格的周期性。我们没有证实在我们的数据中存在的变化的时间尺度上的34-45天,发现在早期的径向速度数据在80年代和90年代。我们认为,我们观测到的119天的准周期非相干变化以及以前观测到的34-45天的变化都可能是由北极星119天的自转周期和表面不均匀性(如单点或多点结构随时间变化)引起的。

英文摘要:

We present a first results from a long-term program of a radial velocity study of Cepheid Polaris (F7 Ib) aimed to find amplitude and period of pulsations and nature of secondary periodicities. 264 new precise radial velocity measurements were obtained during 2004-2007 with the fiber-fed echelle spectrograph Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) of 1.8m telescope at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) in Korea. We find a pulsational radial velocity amplitude and period of Polaris for three seasons of 2005.183, 2006.360, and 2007.349 as 2K = 2.210 +/- 0.048 km/s, 2K = 2.080 +/- 0.042 km/s, and 2K = 2.406 +/- 0.018 km/s respectively, indicating that the pulsational amplitudes of Polaris that had decayed during the last century is now increasing rapidly. The pulsational period was found to be increasing too. This is the first detection of a historical turnaround of pulsational amplitude change in Cepheids. We clearly find the presence of additional radial velocity variations on a time scale of about 119 days and an amplitude of about +/- 138 m/s, that is quasi-periodic rather than strictly periodic. We do not confirm the presence in our data the variation on a time scale 34-45 days found in earlier radial velocity data obtained in 80's and 90's. We assume that both the 119 day quasi-periodic, noncoherent variations found in our data as well as 34-45 day variations found before can be caused by the 119 day rotation periods of Polaris and by surface inhomogeneities such as single or multiple spot configuration varying with the time.

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