航天器上电磁波场数据系统表征的规范电磁观测量
Canonical Electromagnetic Observables for Systematic Characterization of Electric and Magnetic Wave Field Data on board Spacecraft
摘要：
本文提出了部分相干电磁波矢量场的一种新的特征，这种特征是基于电磁波场的3+3复笛卡尔分量的36个自相关/互相关，特别适用于分析航天器上的电磁波数据。来自航天器上的电磁波仪器的数据通常作为数据阵列处理。然而，这些数据数组本身没有物理解释;它们只是一种方便的存储格式。相比之下，这里提出的表征包含完全相同的信息，但在明显的协变时空张量的形式。我们称这种数据格式为规范电磁可观测量（CEO），因为它们对应于唯一的物理可观测量。其中一些是已知的，如能量密度，坡印亭通量，应力张量等，而其他人应该在未来的空间研究有关。作为一个例子，我们使用这种形式主义来分析数据，从合唱团发射中纬度磁层，记录的STAFF-SA仪器板上的探测器-II航天器。
英文摘要：
We present a new characterization of partially coherent electric and magnetic wave vector fields.This characterization is based on the 36 auto/cross correlations of the 3+3 complex Cartesian components of the electric and magnetic wave fields and is particularly suited for analyzing electromagnetic wave data on board spacecraft. Data from spacecraft based electromagnetic wave instruments are usually processed as data arrays. These data arrays however do not have a physical interpretation in themselves; they are simply a convenient storage format. In contrast, the characterization proposed here contains exactly the same information but are in the form of manifestly covariant space-time tensors. We call this data format the Canonical Electromagnetic Observables (CEO) since they correspond to unique physical observables. Some of them are already known, such as energy density, Poynting flux, stress tensor, etc, while others should be relevant in future space research. As an example we use this formalism to analyze data from a chorus emission in the mid-latitude magnetosphere, as recorded by the STAFF-SA instrument on board the Cluster-II spacecraft.
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