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arXiv 0804.1516cond-mat.stat-mech
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形核过程中的“压力效应”

Unraveling the "Pressure-Effect" in Nucleation

Jan Wedekind, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, David Brus, David Reguera

摘要:

化学惰性载气压力对成核速率的影响是气液成核研究中最大的难题之一。不同的实验可以显示积极的影响,消极的影响,或者根本没有影响。同一个实验可能会显示同一种物质随温度变化的两种趋势,也可能显示不同物质在同一温度下的两种趋势。我们展示了这种模糊的效果是如何自然产生的竞争的两个贡献:非等温效应和压力-体积工作。我们的模型澄清了看似矛盾的实验结果,并量化了在环境气体的存在下物质的成核能力的变化。我们的研究结果证实了从分子动力学模拟的结果,并可能有重要的影响,因为在实验中的成核,技术应用,和性质几乎总是发生在环境气体的存在下。

英文摘要:

The influence of the pressure of a chemically inert carrier-gas on the nucleation rate is one of the biggest puzzles in the research of gas-liquid nucleation. Different experiments can show a positive effect, a negative effect, or no effect at all. The same experiment may show both trends for the same substance depending on temperature, or for different substances at the same temperature. We show how this ambiguous effect naturally arises from the competition of two contributions: nonisothermal effects and pressure-volume work. Our model clarifies seemingly contradictory experimental results and quantifies the variation of the nucleation ability of a substance in the presence of an ambient gas. Our findings are corroborated by results from molecular dynamics simulation and might have important implications since nucleation in experiments, technical applications, and nature practically always occurs in the presence of an ambient gas.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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