太阳表面频繁出现的高速局部质量下降流
Frequent Occurrence of High-speed Local Mass Downflows on the Solar Surface
摘要：
我们报告新的光谱偏振测量与同时过滤器成像观测，揭示了频繁出现的偏振信号表明高速，可能是超音速，与至少三种不同的配置的磁场在太阳光球的下行流。观测是用{ \em Hinode}卫星上的太阳光学望远镜进行的。当黑子半影边界附近新形成一个移动磁特征时，会激发出高速的下降流。此外，在太阳黑子本影边缘发现了一种新的下降流，这种下降流缺乏伴随的半影结构。这些可能是由对流扫过的磁场与集中的磁通量相互作用触发的。在平静的太阳和太阳黑子护城河区域观察到另一类高速下降流。这些都与小的集中磁通量斑块的形成密切相关。所有类型的高速下行流都是瞬时的时间相关的质量运动。这些发现表明，超声速质量流的激发是发生在太阳表面磁场精细结构的动态演化的关键观测特征之一。
英文摘要：
We report on new spectro-polarimetric measurements with simultaneous filter imaging observation, revealing the frequent appearance of polarization signals indicating high-speed, probably supersonic, downflows that are associated with at least three different configurations of magnetic fields in the solar photosphere. The observations were carried out with the Solar Optical Telescope onboard the {\em Hinode} satellite. High speed downflows are excited when a moving magnetic feature is newly formed near the penumbral boundary of sunspots. Also, a new type of downflows is identified at the edge of sunspot umbra that lack accompanying penumbral structures. These may be triggered by the interaction of magnetic fields sweeped by convection with well-concentrated magnetic flux. Another class of high speed downflows are observed in quiet sun and sunspot moat regions. These are closely related to the formation of small concentrated magnetic flux patches. High speed downflows of all types are transient time-dependent mass motions. These findings suggest that the excitation of supersonic mass flows are one of the key observational features of the dynamical evolution occurring in magnetic-field fine structures on the solar surface.
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