We introduce a problem setting which we call ``the freedom fighters' problem''. It subtly differs from the prisoners' problem. We propose a steganographic method that allows Alice and Bob to fool Wendy the warden in this setting. Their messages are hidden in encryption keys. The recipient has no prior knowledge of these keys, and has to cryptanalyze ciphertexts in order to recover them. We show an example of the protocol and give a partial security analysis.
Data security is required when communications over untrusted networks takes place. Security tools such as cryptography and steganography are applied to achieve such objectives, but both have limitations and susceptible to attacks if they were used individually. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a powerful and secured system based on the integration of cryptography and steganography. The secret message is encrypted with blowfish cipher and visual cryptography. Finally, the encrypted data is embedded into two innocent cover images for future transmission. An extended analysis was made t…
After the rise of E-commerce, social media and messenger bots, rapid developments have been made in the field of connecting things, gadgets, and devices, i.e, the Internet of Things (IoT). In the fast-paced lifestyle, it is very difficult to maintain multiple keys for traditional mechanical locks. Electromagnetic smart locks are a possible solution to this problem. To connect a smart lock with a key, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol can be used. BLE protocol is vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack. Ensuring security over BLE is an ongoing challenge. This paper aims to analyze the M…
For as long as humans have participated in the act of communication, concealing information in those communicative mediums has manifested into an art of its own. Crytographic messages, through written language or images, are a means of concealment, usually reserved for highly sensitive or compromising information. Specifically, the field of Cryptography is the construction and analysis of protocols that prevent third parties from understanding private messages. Steganography is related to Cryptography in that the goal is to obscure information using some method or algorithm, but the most impor…
As the volume of medicinal information stored electronically increase, so do the need to enhance how it is secured. The inaccessibility to patient record at the ideal time can prompt death toll and also well degrade the level of health care services rendered by the medicinal professionals. Criminal assaults in social insurance have expanded by 125% since 2010 and are now the leading cause of medical data breaches. This study therefore presents the combination of 3DES and LSB to improve security measure applied on medical data. Java programming language was used to develop a simulation program …
Steganography is a process that hides secrete message or secrete hologram or secrete video or secrete image whose mere presence within the source data should be undetectable and use for transmitting secret information over public media. Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique in which no cryptographic computation is needed at the decryption end and the decryption is performed by the human visual system (HVS). In this paper, both Steganography and visual cryptography have been selected to provide more secure data transmission over the public media with less hazard of computation. This …
Steganography is an art of obscuring data inside another quotidian file of similar or varying types. Hiding data has always been of significant importance to digital forensics. Previously, steganography has been combined with cryptography and neural networks separately. Whereas, this research combines steganography, cryptography with the neural networks all together to hide an image inside another container image of the larger or same size. Although the cryptographic technique used is quite simple, but is effective when convoluted with deep neural nets. Other steganography techniques involve h…
With the growth of communication over computer networks, how to maintain the confidentiality and security of transmitted information have become some of the important issues. In order to transfer data securely to the destination without unwanted disclosure or damage, nature inspired hide and seek tricks such as, cryptography and Steganography are heavily in use. Just like the Chameleon and many other bio-species those change their body color and hide themselves in the background in order to protect them from external attacks, Cryptography and Steganography are techniques those are used to encr…
The growing potential of modern communications needs the use of secure means to protect information from unauthorized access and use during transmission. In general, encryption a message using cryptography techniques and then hidden a message with a steganography methods provides an additional layer of protection. Furthermore, using these combination reduces the chance of finding the hidden message. This paper proposed a system which combines schemes of cryptography with steganography for hiding secret messages and to add more complexity for steganography. The proposed system secret message en…
Audio steganography is a collection of techniques for concealing the existence of information by embedding it within a non-secret audio, which is referred to as carrier. Distinct from cryptography, the steganography put emphasis on the hiding of the secret existence. The existing audio steganography methods mainly depend on human handcraft, while we proposed an audio steganography algorithm which automatically generated from adversarial training. The method consists of three neural networks: encoder which embeds the secret message in the carrier, decoder which extracts the message, and discrim…
Data security is of the utmost concern of a communication system. Since the early days, many developments have been made to improve the performance of the system. PSNR of the received signal, secure transmission channel, quality of encoding used, etc. are some of the key attributes of a good system. To ensure security, the most commonly used technique is cryptography in which the message is altered with respect to a key and using the same, the encoded message is decoded at the receiver side. A complementary technique that is popularly used to insure security is steganography. The advancements …
Cellular nonlinear network (CNN) provides an infrastructure for Cellular Automata to have not only an initial state but an input which has a local memory in each cell with much more complexity. This property has many applications which we have investigated it in proposing a robust cryptology scheme. This scheme consists of a cryptography and steganography sub-module in which a 3D CNN is designed to produce a chaotic map as the kernel of the system to preserve confidentiality and data integrity in cryptology. Our contributions are three-fold including (1) a feature descriptor is applied to the …
We describe a novel type of weak cryptographic private key that can exist in any discrete logarithm based public-key cryptosystem set in a group of prime order $p$ where $p-1$ has small divisors. Unlike the weak private keys based on \textit{numerical size} (such as smaller private keys, or private keys lying in an interval) that will \textit{always} exist in any DLP cryptosystems, our type of weak private keys occurs purely due to parameter choice of $p$, and hence, can be removed with appropriate value of $p$. Using the theory of implicit group representations, we present algorithms that can…
Cryptography has been extensively used in Android applications to guarantee secure communications, conceal critical data from reverse engineering, or ensure mobile users' privacy. Various system-based and third-party libraries for Android provide cryptographic functionalities, and previous works mainly explored the misuse of cryptographic API in benign applications. However, the role of cryptographic API has not yet been explored in Android malware. This paper performs a comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of cryptographic API in Android malware. In particular, we analyzed $603\,937$ Android …
The emerging technologies for large scale data analysis raise new challenges to the security and privacy of sensitive user data. In this work we investigate the problem of private statistical analysis of time-series data in the distributed and semi-honest setting. In particular, we study some properties of Private Stream Aggregation (PSA), first introduced by Shi et al. 2017. This is a computationally secure protocol for the collection and aggregation of data in a distributed network and has a very small communication cost. In the non-adaptive query model, a secure PSA scheme can be built upon…
The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization project intending to evaluate and subsequently standardize the suitable PQC scheme(s). One such attractive approach, called Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE), has made to the final round of the competition. Despite having some attractive features, the IND-CCA security of the BIKE depends on the average decoder failu…
In this paper we address the problem of large space consumption for protocols in the Bounded Retrieval Model (BRM), which require users to store large secret keys subject to adversarial leakage. We propose a method to derive keys for such protocols on-the-fly from weakly random private data (like text documents or photos, users keep on their disks anyway for non-cryptographic purposes) in such a way that no extra storage is needed. We prove that any leakage-resilient protocol (belonging to a certain, arguably quite broad class) when run with a key obtained this way retains a similar level of s…
We introduce a new family of rank metric codes: Low Rank Parity Check codes (LRPC), for which we propose an efficient probabilistic decoding algorithm. This family of codes can be seen as the equivalent of classical LDPC codes for the rank metric. We then use these codes to design cryptosystems à la McEliece: more precisely we propose two schemes for key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) and public key encryption (PKE). Unlike rank metric codes used in previous encryption algorithms -notably Gabidulin codes - LRPC codes have a very weak algebraic structure. Our cryptosystems can be seen as an equi…
