λ冷暗物质模拟中的离散效应：小波统计观点
Discreteness Effects in Lambda Cold Dark Matter Simulations: A Wavelet-Statistical View
摘要：
粒子离散性对Lambda冷暗物质（Lambda CDM）N体模拟的影响仍然是一个激烈争论的问题。在本文中，我们探讨这样的效果，考虑到散射所造成的随机性的初始条件，并专注于宇宙学密度场的统计特性。为此，我们运行大型LambdaCDM模拟集，并使用各种各样的诊断，包括新的和强大的小波统计分析它们。除其他事实外，我们指出：（1）动力学演化不会从引入离散噪音的小尺度向上传播离散噪音，以及（2）我们的目标应该是满足条件epsilon ~ 2d，其中“epsilon”是力分辨率，“d”是粒子间距离。我们澄清了这样的条件意味着什么，以及如何在现代宇宙学代码中实现它。
英文摘要：
The effects of particle discreteness in N-body simulations of Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LambdaCDM) are still an intensively debated issue. In this paper we explore such effects, taking into account the scatter caused by the randomness of the initial conditions, and focusing on the statistical properties of the cosmological density field. For this purpose, we run large sets of LambdaCDM simulations and analyse them using a large variety of diagnostics, including new and powerful wavelet statistics. Among other facts, we point out (1) that dynamical evolution does not propagate discreteness noise up from the small scales at which it is introduced, and (2) that one should aim to satisfy the condition epsilon ~ 2d, where "epsilon" is the force resolution and "d" is the interparticle distance. We clarify what such a condition means, and how to implement it in modern cosmological codes.
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