揭开了金牛座T星的面纱
Unveiling extremely veiled T Tauri stars
摘要：
与正常恒星相比，经典金牛T星（CTTS）的光球吸收线较弱。这种所谓的面纱通常被认为是在吸积流下方的恒星表面激波加热气体中形成的过量连续发射。我们已经选择了四颗恒星（RW Aur A，RU Lup，S CrA NW和S CrA SE）具有异常强大的面纱，以详细调查面纱与恒星亮度和发射线强度的比较标准吸积模型。我们已经在几个时期用光度计和光谱仪监测过这些恒星。在标准的吸积模型中，可变的吸积速率将导致可变的过量排放。因此，恒星的亮度应该相应地变化。我们发现，这些恒星的吸收线的面纱是强烈的变化，通常是如此之大，它将需要释放几个恒星光度的势能。在非常大的线稀释的状态下，相应的大的遮蔽因子推导出的关联只有微弱的亮度。此外，发射谱线强度违反了面纱对谱线强度的预期趋势。面纱可以在一个晚上发生戏剧性的变化，并且与两颗恒星的旋转周期的相位无关。我们表明，在至少三个恒星，当面纱变得高，光球线成为填充线发射，这产生大面纱因素无关的变化，在任何连续的发射从冲击区。我们还考虑到在何种程度上灭绝的尘埃和电子散射吸积流可能会影响面纱措施CTTS。我们的结论是，面纱的程度不能作为一个度量的吸积率在CTTS丰富的发射线光谱。
英文摘要：
Photospheric absorption lines in classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) are weak compared to normal stars. This so-called veiling is normally identified with an excess continuous emission formed in shock-heated gas at the stellar surface below the accretion streams. We have selected four stars (RW Aur A, RU Lup, S CrA NW and S CrA SE) with unusually strong veiling to make a detailed investigation of veiling versus stellar brightness and emission line strengths for comparisons to standard accretion models. We have monitored the stars photometrically and spectroscopically at several epochs. In standard accretion models a variable accretion rate will lead to a variable excess emission. Consequently, the stellar brightness should vary accordingly. We find that the veiling of absorption lines in these stars is strongly variable and usually so large that it would require the release of several stellar luminosities of potential energy. At states of very large line dilution, the correspondingly large veiling factors derived correlate only weakly with brightness. Moreover, the emission line strengths violate the expected trend of veiling versus line strength. The veiling can change dramatically in one night, and is not correlated with the phase of the rotation periods found for two stars. We show that in at least three of the stars, when the veiling becomes high, the photospheric lines become filled-in by line emission, which produces large veiling factors unrelated to changes in any continuous emission from shocked regions. We also consider to what extent extinction by dust and electron scattering in the accretion stream may affect veiling measures in CTTS. We conclude that the degree of veiling cannot be used as a measure of accretion rates in CTTS with rich emission line spectra.
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