A simple cubic matrix model is presented, which has truncations that, it is argued, lead at the classical level to a variety of theories of gauge fields and gravity. These include Chern-Simons theory in d=3, and BF theory and general relativity in d=4. General relativity coupled to Yang-mills theory for any SU(N) may also arise from quantum corrections.
On the basis of these results we conjecture that there are large universality classes of cut-off gauge and gravity theories, connected by transformations that mix up local and spacetime symmetries. If our universe is described by one of these theories then the question of the choice of the laws of physics is to a large extent subsumed in the problem of the choice of initial conditions in cosmology.
In this paper we discuss the universality of the renormalization of the gauge coupling constant in the quantum electrodynamics coupled to the Einstein's gravity in the framework of effective field theory in an arbitrary gauge. We observe that the renormalization of the three-point functions with different particles receive different contributions from the gravitational sector. Despite that, the universality of the gauge coupling constants is guaranteed by the Ward identity that makes the renormalized electric charge receive no contribution from the gravitational sector at one-loop order.
We present a consistency condition for 8d ${\cal N} = 1$ supergravity theories with non-trivial global structure $G/Z$ for the non-Abelian gauge group, based on an anomaly involving the $Z$ 1-form center symmetry. The interplay with other Swampland criteria identifies the majority of 8d theories with gauge group $G/Z$, which have no string theory realization, as inconsistent quantum theories when coupled to gravity. While this condition is equivalent to geometric properties of elliptic K3 surfaces in F-theory compactifications, it constrains the unexplored landscape of gauge groups in other 8d…
We discuss the ultra-relativistic gravitational scattering of two massive particles at two-loop (3PM) level. We find that in this limit the real part of the eikonal, determining the deflection angle, is universal for gravitational theories in the two derivative approximation. This means that, regardless of the number of supersymmetries or the nature of the probes, the result connects smoothly with the massless case discussed since the late eighties by Amati, Ciafaloni and Veneziano. We analyse the problem both by using the analyticity and crossing properties of the scattering amplitudes and, i…
Universality of Gauge Thresholds in Non-Supersymmetric Heterotic Vacua
我们计算一个循环的阈值修正的非阿贝尔规范耦合在四维杂化真空自发破缺的$\cal N = 2 \to \cal N = 0$超对称性，作为Scherk-Schwarz减少六维K3紧化。正如预期的那样，仪表阈值不再受BPS保护，并且还从RNS部门的激励中获得贡献。值得注意的是，非阿贝尔规范耦合的阈值差是BPS饱和的，并表现出独立于K3的轨道实现的普遍行为。此外，阈值和它们的差异发展红外对数奇异性时，充电的BPS类状态，起源于扭曲的RNS部门，成为在经典模空间中的特殊轨迹无质量。
We study the quantum Seiberg-Witten (SW) curves for $(A_1, G)$-type Argyres-Douglas (AD) theory by taking the scaling limit of the quantum SW curve of $N=2$ gauge theory with gauge group $G$. For $G=A_r$, the quantum SW curve of the AD theory is consistent with the scaling limit of the curve of the gauge theory. For $G=D_r$, we need the quantum correction to the SW curve of the AD theory, which depends on the quantization condition of the original SW curve. We also study the universality of the quantum SW curves for $(A_1, A_3)$ and $(A_1, D_4)$-type AD theories.
We demonstrate the universality of the gravitational classical deflection angle of massless particles through O(G^3) by studying the high-energy limit of full two-loop four-graviton scattering amplitudes in pure Einstein gravity as well as N >= 4 supergravity. As a by-product, our first-principles calculation provides a direct confirmation of the massless deflection angle in Einstein gravity proposed long ago by Amati, Ciafaloni and Veneziano, and is inconsistent with a recently proposed alternative.
In high-$T_c$ cuprates many quantities exhibit a non-Fermi liquid universality hinting at a very peculiar structure of the underlying pairing mechanism for superconductivity: in this work we focus on the universality for the in-plane resistivity and for the superfluid density. We outline the previously developed spin-charge gauge approach to superconductivity in hole-doped cuprates: we decompose the hole of the $t-t'-J$ model for the $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{O}_2$ planes as the product of a spinful, chargeless gapped spinon and of a spinless, charged holon with Fermi surface. Each one of these part…
We provide a simple and clear verification of the physical need for temperature gradients in equilibrium states when gravitational fields are present. Our argument will be built in a completely kinematic manner, in terms of the gravitational red-shift/blue-shift of light, together with a relativistic extension of Maxwell's two column argument. We conclude by showing that it is the universality of the gravitational interaction (the uniqueness of free-fall) that ultimately permits Tolman's equilibrium temperature gradients without any violation of the laws of thermodynamics.
Relativistic spin states are convention dependent. In this work we prove that the zero momentum-transfer limits of the leading two form factors in the decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor matrix elements are independent of this choice. In particular, we demonstrate that these constraints are insensitive to whether the corresponding states are massive or not, and that they arise purely due to the Poincaré covariance of the states.
Matter-free lattice gauge theories (LGTs) provide an ideal setting to understand confinement to deconfinement transitions at finite temperatures, which is typically due to the spontaneous breakdown (at large temperatures) of the centre symmetry associated with the gauge group. Close to the transition, the relevant degrees of freedom (Polyakov loop) transform under these centre symmetries, and the effective theory only depends on the Polyakov loop and its fluctuations. As shown first by Svetitsky and Yaffe, and subsequently verified numerically, for the $U(1)$ LGT in $(2+1)$-d the transition is…
We study low-energy dynamics of $[SU(N)]^K$ chiral quiver gauge theories in connection with $\mathcal{N}=1$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory, and quantum chromodynamics with bi-fundamental fermions (QCD(BF)). These theories can be obtained by $\mathbb{Z}_K$ orbifold projections of $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(NK)$ SYM theory, but the perturbative planar equivalence does not extend nonperturbatively for $K\ge 3$. In order to study low-energy behaviors, we analyze these systems using 't~Hooft anomaly matching and reliable semiclassics on $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$. Thanks to 't~Hooft anomaly that involves $1$…
We study universality of geometric gauge sectors in the string landscape in the context of F-theory compactifications. A finite time construction algorithm is presented for $\frac43 \times 2.96 \times 10^{755}$ F-theory geometries that are connected by a network of topological transitions in a connected moduli space. High probability geometric assumptions uncover universal structures in the ensemble without explicitly constructing it. For example, non-Higgsable clusters of seven-branes with intricate gauge sectors occur with probability above $1-1.01\times 10^{-755}$, and the geometric gauge g…
Universality of Primordial Anisotropies in Gravitational Wave Background
School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学物理科学与工程学院）；Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University（山口大学理工学研究科）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙线研究所 Kavli宇宙物理数学研究所）；Institute for Advanced Study of Tongji University（同济大学高等研究院）；Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Yangzhou University（扬州大学引力与宇宙学中心）
By adopting a local QFT framework one can derive in a non-perturbative manner the constraints imposed by Poincaré symmetry on the form factors appearing in the Lorentz covariant decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor matrix elements. In particular, this approach enables one to prove that these constraints are in fact independent of the internal properties of the states appearing in the matrix elements. Here we outline the rationale behind this approach, and report on some of the implications of these findings.
In this contribution, we report on our study of the properties of the Wilson flow and on the calculation of the topological susceptibility of $Sp(N_c)$ gauge theories for $N_c=2,\,4,\,6,\,8$. The Wilson flow is shown to scale according to the quadratic Casimir operator of the gauge group, as was already observed for $SU(N_c)$, and the commonly used scales $t_0$ and $w_0$ are obtained for a large interval of the inverse coupling for each probed value of $N_c$. The continuum limit of the topological susceptibility is computed and we conjecture that it scales with the dimension of the group. The …
Universality in anomaly flow by an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase $θ_H$ is shown in the flat $M^4 \times (S^1/Z_2)$ spacetime and in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped space. We analyze $SU(2)$ gauge theory with doublet fermions. With orbifold boundary conditions the $U(1)$ part of gauge symmetry remains unbroken at $θ_H = 0$ and $π$. Chiral anomalies smoothly vary with $θ_H$ in the RS space. It is shown that anomaly coefficients associated with this anomaly flow are expressed in terms of the values of the wave functions of gauge fields at the UV and IR branes in the RS space. The anomaly coefficients …
We investigate the asymptotic safety scenario for a scalar-gravity system. This system contains two avatars of the dynamical Newton coupling, a gravitational self-coupling and a scalar-graviton coupling. We uncover an effective universality for the dynamical Newton coupling on the quantum level: its momentum-dependent avatars are in remarkable quantitative agreement in the scaling regime of the UV fixed point. For the background Newton coupling, this effective universality is not present, but qualitative agreement remains.
The issue of the gauge invariance of gravitational waves arises if they are produced in the early universe at second-order in perturbation theory. We address it by dividing the discussion about the gauge invariance in three parts: the production of gravitational waves, their propagation in the real universe, and their measurement.
Anomalous chiral conductivities in theories with global anomalies are independent of whether they are computed in a weakly coupled quantum (or thermal) field theory, hydrodynamics, or at infinite coupling from holography. While the presence of dynamical gauge fields and mixed, gauge-global anomalies can destroy this universality, in their absence, the non-renormalisation of anomalous Ward identities is expected to be obeyed at all intermediate coupling strengths. In holography, bulk theories with higher-derivative corrections incorporate coupling constant corrections to the boundary theory obs…
