氢中μ子的核俘获及其与μ子原子物理学的相互作用
Nuclear Muon Capture in Hydrogen and its Interplay with Muon Atomic Physics
摘要：
在MuCap实验中测量了半轻子弱过程$μ+p \to n+ν_μ$的单重态俘获率$Λ_S$。这项新的实验技术是基于在一个有源靶中停止μ子，该靶由一个用超纯氢操作的时间投影室组成。这使得明确的确定的赝标形状因子$g_P$的带电的电弱电流的核子。我们的第一个结果$g_P(q^2=-0.88 m^2_μ) = 7.3 \pm 1.1 $与精确的理论预言是一致的，并构成了QCD对称性的一个重要测试。正在收集更多的数据，目的是将实验的不确定性减少三倍。在已开发的先进技术的基础上，新的MuSun实验正在计划以1.5%的精度测量氘核上的μ子捕获率。这将提供迄今为止关于轴向电流与双核子系统相互作用的最准确的实验信息，并确定与太阳中微子反应相关的低能常数$L_{1A}$。μ子诱导的原子和分子过程代表了这个科学计划的挑战和机遇，它们与主要的核和弱相互作用物理方面的相互作用将被讨论。
英文摘要：
The singlet capture rate $Λ_S$ for the semileptonic weak process $μ+p \to n+ν_μ$ has been measured in the MuCap experiment. The novel experimental technique is based on stopping muons in an active target, consisting of a time projection chamber operating with ultra-pure hydrogen. This allows the unambiguous determination of the pseudoscalar form factor $g_P$ of the charged electroweak current of the nucleon. Our first result $g_P(q^2=-0.88 m^2_μ) = 7.3 \pm 1.1 $ is consistent with accurate theoretical predictions and constitutes an important test of QCD symmetries. Additional data are being collected with the aim of a three-fold reduction of the experimental uncertainties. Building on the developed advanced techniques, the new MuSun experiment is being planned to measure the muon capture rate on the deuteron to 1.5% precision. This would provide the by far most accurate experimental information on the axial current interacting with the two-nucleon system and determine the low energy constant $L_{1A}$ relevant for solar neutrino reactions. Muon induced atomic and molecular processes represent challenges as well as opportunities for this science program, and their interplay with the main nuclear and weak-interaction physics aspects will be discussed.
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