社会物理学：Galam模型述评
Sociophysics: A review of Galam models
摘要：
我们回顾了Galam和Galam等人在过去25年中提出的一系列社会物理学模型。模型分为五个不同的类，分别处理自下而上的等级制度，决策，分裂与联盟，恐怖主义和观点动力学的民主投票。对于每一类的connanimations到原来的物理模型和技术概述强调两者的相似之处和差异。重点放在许多新的和反直觉的结果，获得了相关的社会和政治框架。使用这些模型，成功地预测了几个重大的真实政治事件，包括法国极右翼政党在2000年第一轮法国总统选举中的胜利，几个民主国家（德国，意大利，墨西哥）的投票结果是50 - 50，以及2005年法国对欧洲宪法的全民公决的胜利。展望和挑战，使社会物理学的预测固体科学领域进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
We review a series of models of sociophysics introduced by Galam and Galam et al in the last 25 years. The models are divided in five different classes, which deal respectively with democratic voting in bottom up hierarchical systems, decision making, fragmentation versus coalitions, terrorism and opinion dynamics. For each class the connexion to the original physical model and technics are outlined underlining both the similarities and the differences. Emphasis is put on the numerous novel and counterintuitive results obtained with respect to the associated social and political framework. Using these models several major real political events were successfully predicted including the victory of the French extreme right party in the 2000 first round of French presidential elections, the voting at fifty - fifty in several democratic countries (Germany, Italy, Mexico), and the victory of the no to the 2005 French referendum on the European constitution. The perspectives and the challenges to make sociophysics a predictive solid field of science are discussed.
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