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arXiv 0803.1064astro-ph
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英仙座的恒星形成。IV。致密核的质量相关演化

Star formation in Perseus. IV. Mass dependent evolution of dense cores

Jennifer Hatchell, Gary Fuller

摘要:

在我们对英仙座的SCUBA调查中,我们发现原恒星核的比例随着质量的增加而增加,最大质量的核都是原恒星。在本文中,我们认为这种明显的质量依赖于这些核心的演化状态的可能解释,和原恒星演化和嵌入的核心质量函数(CMF)到恒星IMF的映射的影响。我们认为,以下潜在的原因:尘埃温度,在亚毫米和中红外观测用于前/原恒星分类的选择效应;混乱和多样性;瞬态核心;和不同的进化时间尺度。我们开发的核心质量演化图(CMED),调查如何个别核心的质量演化映射到所观察到的CMF。两种物理机制-大质量核心演化的短时间尺度和原恒星核心质量的持续积累-最好地解释了高质量核心中原恒星的相对过剩和大质量无星核心的稀有性。此外,混淆既增加了在核心内识别原恒星的可能性,又增加了分配给核心的质量。所观察到的前/原恒星质量分布是一致的更快的演化和更短的寿命为高质量的星前核心。我们排除了更长的时间尺度更高质量的星前核心。星前和原恒星质量分布的差异意味着星前CMF(可能还有星前+原恒星CMF)应该比IMF更陡。如果存在第二种相反的效应,例如大质量地核分裂成多个系统,那么在某些区域,更陡峭的星前CMF可以与观测到的CMF和IMF的相似性相协调。

英文摘要:

In our SCUBA survey of Perseus, we find that the fraction of protostellar cores increases towards higher masses and the most massive cores are all protostellar. In this paper we consider the possible explanations of this apparent mass dependence in the evolutionary status of these cores, and the implications for protostellar evolution and the mapping of the embedded core mass function (CMF) onto the stellar IMF. We consider the following potential causes: dust temperature; selection effects in the submillimetre and in the mid-infrared observations used for pre/protostellar classification; confusion and multiplicity; transient cores; and varying evolutionary timescales. We develop Core Mass Evolution Diagrams (CMEDs) to investigate how the mass evolution of individual cores maps onto the observed CMF. Two physical mechanisms -- short timescales for the evolution of massive cores, and continuing accumulation of mass onto protostellar cores -- best explain the relative excess of protostars in high mass cores and the rarity of massive starless cores. In addition, confusion both increases the likelihood that a protostar is identified within a core, and increases mass assigned to a core. The observed pre/protostellar mass distributions are consistent with faster evolution and a shorter lifetime for higher-mass prestellar cores. We rule out longer timescales for higher-mass prestellar cores. The differences in the prestellar and protostellar mass distributions imply that the prestellar CMF (and possibly the combined pre+protostellar CMF) should be steeper than the IMF. A steeper prestellar CMF can be reconciled with the observed similarity of the CMF and the IMF in some regions if a second opposing effect is present, such as the fragmentation of massive cores into multiple systems.

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