The Blind Watchmaker Network：无尺度性与进化
The Blind Watchmaker Network: Scale-freeness and Evolution
摘要：
这表明简单生物细胞代谢网络的度分布反映了普遍存在的随机性。这意味着在进化过程中，自然选择对网络度分布没有或只有很小的压力。相应的随机网络，这里称为盲钟表匠网络，具有指数γ>= 2的幂律度分布。它是随机的，相对于一组完整的网络状态，其特征在于描述了哪些链路连接到节点以及这些链路的时间顺序。没有对任何生长机制或进化过程做出先验假设。研究发现，盲钟表匠网络的度分布与代谢网络的度分布非常吻合。这意味着细胞代谢的进化途径，当投影到代谢网络表示时，相对于一组完整的网络状态，仍然是统计随机的。这表明，即使是一个生物系统，由于自然选择已经发展了一个巨大的特异性，如细胞代谢，然而，在同一时间，可以显示出明确的特征，源于达尔文进化的普遍存在的固有随机因素。完全随机网络也可能具有无标度节点分布，这一事实为无标度网络的起源提供了一个新的视角。
英文摘要：
It is suggested that the degree distribution for networks of the cell-metabolism for simple organisms reflects an ubiquitous randomness. This implies that natural selection has exerted no or very little pressure on the network degree distribution during evolution. The corresponding random network, here termed the blind watchmaker network has a power-law degree distribution with an exponent gamma >= 2. It is random with respect to a complete set of network states characterized by a description of which links are attached to a node as well as a time-ordering of these links. No a priory assumption of any growth mechanism or evolution process is made. It is found that the degree distribution of the blind watchmaker network agrees very precisely with that of the metabolic networks. This implies that the evolutionary pathway of the cell-metabolism, when projected onto a metabolic network representation, has remained statistically random with respect to a complete set of network states. This suggests that even a biological system, which due to natural selection has developed an enormous specificity like the cellular metabolism, nevertheless can, at the same time, display well defined characteristics emanating from the ubiquitous inherent random element of Darwinian evolution. The fact that also completely random networks may have scale-free node distributions gives a new perspective on the origin of scale-free networks in general.
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