简并多态系统的相干脉冲激发：精确解析解
Coherent pulsed excitation of degenerate multistate systems: Exact analytic solutions
摘要：
利用Morris-Shore变换，我们证明了由N个简并的低（基态）态和一个高（激发态）态组成的多态系统的解可以约化为只包含激发态和一个（明亮）的基态叠加态的两态系统的解.此外，还存在由基态组成的N-1个暗态。我们使用这种分解得到的解析解退化扩展最流行的完全可溶的模型：共振解决方案，拉比，朗道-齐纳，罗森-齐纳，艾伦-埃伯利和Demkov-Kunike模型。我们建议各种应用的多态的解决方案，例如，作为工具，用于创建多态相干叠加广义共振π脉冲。我们表明，这样的广义π脉冲可以发生，即使当上层状态是远离共振，在特殊的失谐，这使得它有可能在退化的基态流形上操作，而不填充（可能有损耗）的上层状态，甚至是短暂的。
英文摘要：
We show that the solution of a multistate system composed of N degenerate lower (ground) states and one upper (excited) state can be reduced by using the Morris-Shore transformation to the solution of a two-state system involving only the excited state and a (bright) superposition of ground states. In addition, there are N-1 dark states composed of ground states. We use this decomposition to derive analytical solutions for degenerate extensions of the most popular exactly soluble models: the resonance solution, the Rabi, Landau-Zener, Rosen-Zener, Allen-Eberly and Demkov-Kunike models. We suggest various applications of the multistate solutions, for example, as tools for creating multistate coherent superpositions by generalized resonant pi-pulses. We show that such generalized pi-pulses can occur even when the upper state is far off resonance, at special detunings, which makes it possible to operate in the degenerate ground-state manifold without populating the (possibly lossy) upper state, even transiently.
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