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arXiv 0802.4084astro-ph
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热星十字座β的钱德拉光谱学和主序前伴星的发现

Chandra spectroscopy of the hot star beta Crucis and the discovery of a pre-main-sequence companion

David H. Cohen, Michael A. Kuhn, Marc Gagné, Eric L. N. Jensen, Nathan A. Miller

摘要:

为了测试O星风震场景中的X射线产生在不太明亮的恒星与较弱的风,我们做了一个尖锐的74 ks的观测附近的早期B巨星,β Cru(B0.5 III),与钱德拉HETGS。我们发现,X射线光谱是相当软的,具有近300万K的主要热分量,并且发射线被解析但相当窄,半宽为150 km/s。Ne IX和Mg XI的禁合线比表明,热等离子体分布在风中,而不是局限在光球附近。在OB星的标准风震范例的背景下很难理解X射线数据,主要是因为窄线,但也因为高X射线产生效率。大部分外部风被冲击加热的情景与数据大致一致,但理论上并不很好。磁通道可能可以解释X射线的特性,尽管在β Cru上没有检测到磁场。我们探测到硬(hnu > 1 keV)X射线的周期性变化,调制在已知的光学周期4.58小时,这是该恒星的主要β Cep脉动模式的周期。我们还首次探测到β Cru的一个明显的伴星,预计距离为4角秒。这颗伴星可能从未在光学图像中看到过,因为它和β Cru之间的光学对比度很高。然而,X射线的亮度对比度只有3:1,这与伴星是一颗X射线活跃的低质量前主序星相一致。这颗伴星的X射线光谱相对较硬且多变,这与后金牛座T星的X射线光谱是一致的。

英文摘要:

In order to test the O star wind-shock scenario for X-ray production in less luminous stars with weaker winds, we made a pointed 74 ks observation of the nearby early B giant, beta Cru (B0.5 III), with the Chandra HETGS. We find that the X-ray spectrum is quite soft, with a dominant thermal component near 3 million K, and that the emission lines are resolved but quite narrow, with half-widths of 150 km/s. The forbidden-to-intercombination line ratios of Ne IX and Mg XI indicate that the hot plasma is distributed in the wind, rather than confined near the photosphere. It is difficult to understand the X-ray data in the context of the standard wind-shock paradigm for OB stars, primarily because of the narrow lines, but also because of the high X-ray production efficiency. A scenario in which the bulk of the outer wind is shock heated is broadly consistent with the data, but not very well motivated theoretically. It is possible that magnetic channeling could explain the X-ray properties, although no field has been detected on beta Cru. We detected periodic variability in the hard (hnu > 1 keV) X-rays, modulated on the known optical period of 4.58 hours, which is the period of the primary beta Cep pulsation mode for this star. We also have detected, for the first time, an apparent companion to beta Cru at a projected separation of 4 arcsec. This companion was likely never seen in optical images because of the presumed very high contrast between it and beta Cru in the optical. However, the brightness contrast in the X-ray is only 3:1, which is consistent with the companion being an X-ray active low-mass pre-main-sequence star. The companion's X-ray spectrum is relatively hard and variable, as would be expected from a post T Tauri star.

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