El Roque de Los Muchachos网站特征。III。大气沙尘和气溶胶消光分析
El Roque de Los Muchachos Site Characteristics. III. Analysis of Atmospheric Dust and Aerosol Extinction
摘要：
加那利群岛通常对占主导地位的东北风感兴趣，在某些气象条件下，东北风可以从撒哈拉沙漠高海拔地区运送沙子。尘埃可能会影响望远镜的效率，降低天空的透明度。为了最大限度地提高位于ORM的望远镜的科学回报，我们分析了大气尘埃含量及其对天文观测的影响。B、V和I尘埃气溶胶天文消光。利用四通道TNG粉尘监测仪的5年系列数据库，计算了粉尘含量的小时和日平均值。我们已经检测到尺寸为0.3、0.5、1.0和5.0 μ m的颗粒。利用幂律，我们推导出了10.0 μ m粒子的含量。我们发现，典型的本地粉尘浓度范围从3x10^6颗粒每立方米在0.3微米，10^3在5.0微米和10在10.0微米，增加高达3个数量级的沙尘暴期间，与1.0，5.0和10.0微米粒子的相对较高的增幅。冬季和夏季局地沙尘暴事件的数量是相同的，但夏季的平均背景和风暴相关的粉尘浓度的增加显着高于冬季。在一致近似下，在沙尘暴期间，推断望远镜上方的尘埃层平均高度为2.5公里。在沙尘暴期间，拉帕尔马岛受到一个几乎均匀的层的影响，该层延伸到海平面以上5公里处，至少达到望远镜的高度。可见光消光主要由1.0、5.0和10.0 μ m处的颗粒决定。与嘉士伯自动子午圈（CAMC）的结果一致，我们发现在沙尘暴期间约0.2等/气团的典型灭绝。
英文摘要：
Canary Islands are normally interested by dominant North-East winds that, in some meteorological conditions, can transport sand at high altitude from the Sahara desert. The dust may affect the efficiency of the telescopes and decreases the transparency of the sky. In order to maximize the scientific return of the telescopes located at the ORM, we present an analysis of the atmospheric dust content and its effects on astronomical observations. B, V and I dust aerosol astronomical extinction are derived. Using a 5 years series database of data taken from the four channel TNG dust monitor, we compute a mean hourly and daily values of the dust content. We have detected particles having size 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 um. Using a power law we have derived the content of 10.0 um particles. We found a typical local dust concentration ranging from 3x10^6 particles per cubic meter at 0.3 um, to 10^3 at 5.0 um and 10 at 10.0 um, increasing up to 3 order of magnitudes during the dust storms, with a relative higher increase of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 um particles. The number of local dust storm events is the same in winter- and summertime, but, the average background and storm-related increases in the dust concentration in summer are significantly higher than in winter. In a uniform approximation, during the dust storms, an average height of the dust layer of 2.5 km above the telescope is inferred. During the sand storms La Palma Island is affected by an almost uniform layer extending up to 5 km above the sea level, down, at least the height of the telescope. The visible extinction is dominated by particles at 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 um. In agreement with the results from Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle (CAMC) we find a typical extinction during dust storms of about 0.2 mag/airmass.
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