arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 0802.2715astro-ph
收藏

第一个银河系的命运。III。原始矮星系的性质及其对星系际介质的影响

The Fate of the First Galaxies. III. Properties of Primordial Dwarf Galaxies and their Impact on the Intergalactic Medium

Massimo Ricotti, Nickolay Y. Gnedin, J. Michael Shull

摘要:

在之前的两篇论文中,我们模拟了宇宙中具有代表性的第一个星系。模拟是独特的,因为我们的模型反馈调节星系形成,使用时间依赖性,空间不均匀的辐射转移耦合到流体力学。在这里,我们研究了模拟的原始矮星系的性质,质量小于2x10^8 Msolar,并调查它们对星系际介质的影响。虽然许多原始星系都是暗星系,但每同向运动约有100--500个Mpc ^[3]是亮星系,但相对较暗。它们优先形成链状结构,并且具有低表面亮度的恒星球状体,延伸到维里半径的20%。它们的星际介质的平均密度n_H约为10- 100 cm^-3,金属丰度Z约为0.01- 0.1 Z太阳能,并且可以维持多相结构。在大散射的情况下,恒星形成的平均效率与晕质量成比例,<f_*> \propto M_dm ^2,与红移无关。由于反馈,小于临界质量M_crit(z)的晕中没有大部分重子。更有趣的是,我们发现暗晕的M_crit(z)总是比亮晕小。星系际介质中金属的富集是不均匀的,[Z/H]>-3.0时,富集气体的体积填充因子只有1%~ 10%,[Z/H]>-5.0时,富集气体的体积填充因子只有10%~ 50%。在z=10时,金属丰度Z<10^-3的恒星占恒星总质量的比例为10^-6。虽然用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜探测高红移矮星系将是一个挑战,但由于它们的空间密度很大,对它们在本地宇宙中的化石记录的研究是有希望的。

英文摘要:

In two previous papers, we presented simulations of the first galaxies in a representative volume of the Universe. The simulations are unique because we model feedback-regulated galaxy formation, using time-dependent, spatially-inhomogeneous radiative transfer coupled to hydrodynamics. Here, we study the properties of simulated primordial dwarf galaxies with masses <2x10^8 Msolar and investigate their impact on the intergalactic medium. While many primordial galaxies are dark, about 100--500 per comoving Mpc^3 are luminous but relatively faint. They form preferentially in chain structures, and have low surface brightness stellar spheroids extending to 20% of the virial radius. Their interstellar medium has mean density n_H~10--100 cm^-3, metallicity Z~ 0.01--0.1 Zsolar and can sustain a multi-phase structure. With large scatter, the mean efficiency of star formation scales with halo mass, <f_*> \propto M_dm^2, independent of redshift. Because of feedback, halos smaller than a critical mass, M_crit(z), are devoid of most of their baryons. More interestingly, we find that dark halos have always a smaller M_crit(z) than luminous ones. Metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium is inhomogeneous, with only a 1%--10% volume filling factor of enriched gas with [Z/H]>-3.0 and 10%--50% with [Z/H]>-5.0. At z=10, the fraction of stars with metallicity Z<10^-3 Zsolar is 10^-6 of the total stellar mass. Although detections of high-redshift dwarf galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope will be a challenge, studies of their fossil records in the local Universe are promising because of their large spatial density.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑