2006年12月13日CME：从太阳到行星际空间
A Comprehensive View of the 2006 December 13 CME: From the Sun to Interplanetary Space
摘要：
研究了2006年12月13日发生的自2003年万圣节风暴以来最大的晕日冕物质抛射（CME）的太阳源和日球层后果。CME伴随着X3.4耀斑，EUV调光和日冕波。它产生了重大的空间天气效应，如行星际激波、无线电爆发、主要的太阳高能粒子事件和磁云，这些都被包括STEREO、ACE、Wind和ETM在内的一批航天器探测到。用Grad-Shafranov（GS）方法重建MC，产生与耀斑带倾斜的轴向。SEP强度和各向异性的观测表明，粒子可以被捕获，偏转和再加速的大尺度瞬态结构。当地球和海王星在纬度上相隔74 $^{\circ}$，经度上相隔117 $^{\circ}$时，在地球和海王星上都观测到了日冕物质抛射驱动的激波，这是有史以来探测到的最大的激波范围。喷射物似乎在100度时错过了。用能向外传播1AU数据的MHD模型很好地预测了激波到达时间。日冕物质抛射/冲击波从太阳一直到日冕物质抛射都被日冕物质抛射图像、II型频率漂移、现场测量和MHD模型很好地跟踪。这些结果揭示了一种结合太阳风的MHD传播和II型辐射来预测冲击波到达地球的时间的技术，这是空间天气预报的一个重大进步，特别是当太阳轨道器和哨兵号提供现场数据时。
英文摘要：
The biggest halo coronal mass ejection (CME) since the Halloween storm in 2003, which occurred on 2006 December 13, is studied in terms of its solar source and heliospheric consequences. The CME is accompanied by an X3.4 flare, EUV dimmings and coronal waves. It generated significant space weather effects such as an interplanetary shock, radio bursts, major solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and a magnetic cloud (MC) detected by a fleet of spacecraft including STEREO, ACE, Wind and Ulysses. Reconstruction of the MC with the Grad-Shafranov (GS) method yields an axis orientation oblique to the flare ribbons. Observations of the SEP intensities and anisotropies show that the particles can be trapped, deflected and reaccelerated by the large-scale transient structures. The CME-driven shock is observed at both the Earth and Ulysses when they are separated by 74$^{\circ}$ in latitude and 117$^{\circ}$ in longitude, the largest shock extent ever detected. The ejecta seems missed at Ulysses. The shock arrival time at Ulysses is well predicted by an MHD model which can propagate the 1 AU data outward. The CME/shock is tracked remarkably well from the Sun all the way to Ulysses by coronagraph images, type II frequency drift, in situ measurements and the MHD model. These results reveal a technique which combines MHD propagation of the solar wind and type II emissions to predict the shock arrival time at the Earth, a significant advance for space weather forecasting especially when in situ data are available from the Solar Orbiter and Sentinels.
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