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arXiv 0802.1918astro-ph
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blazar序列:一个新的视角

The blazar sequence: a new perspective

G. Ghisellini, F. Tavecchio

摘要:

我们重新审视了所谓的“耀变体序列”,它将观测到的测热光度与耀变体的光谱能量分布(SED)的形状联系起来。我们提出,喷流的功率和其发射的SED与吸积过程的两个主要参数有关,即黑洞的质量和吸积率。我们假设:i)喷流动能与质量吸积率成正比; ii)大部分喷流耗散发生在与黑洞质量成正比的距离处; iii)宽线区仅存在于盘亮度的临界值以上(以爱丁顿单位表示); iv)宽线区的半径与电离盘亮度的平方根成比例。这些假设,由现有的观测或合理的理论考虑的动机,足以唯一地确定所有耀变体的SED。这个框架解释了“蓝色类星体”的存在,即具有宽发射线但具有类似于低光度高能量峰值BL Lac天体的SED的天体,以及相对低光度“红色”类星体的存在。对耀变体可能的演化的影响进行了简要的讨论。一旦AGILE,特别是GLAST卫星的观测,加上雨燕的光学/X射线波段的信息,将允许对数百(甚至数千)个耀变体的整个SED的了解,这种情况就可以很容易地进行测试。

英文摘要:

We revisit the so called "blazar sequence", which connects the observed bolometric luminosity to the shape of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars. We propose that the power of the jet and the SED of its emission are linked to the two main parameters of the accretion process, namely the mass of the black hole and the accretion rate. We assume: i) that the jet kinetic power is proportional to the mass accretion rate; ii) that most of the jet dissipation takes place at a distance proportional to the black hole mass; iii) that the broad line region exists only above a critical value of the disk luminosity, in Eddington units, and iv) that the radius of the broad line region scales as the square root of the ionising disk luminosity. These assumptions, motivated by existing observations or by reasonable theoretical considerations, are sufficient to uniquely determine the SED of all blazars. This framework accounts for the existence of "blue quasars", i.e. objects with broad emission lines but with SEDs resembling those of low luminosity high energy peaked BL Lac objects, as well as the existence of relatively low luminosity "red" quasars. Implications on the possible evolution of blazars are briefly discussed. This scenario can be tested quite easily once the AGILE and especially the GLAST satellite observations, coupled with information in the optical/X-ray band from Swift, will allow the knowledge of the entire SED of hundreds (and possibly thousands) blazars.

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