詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦和天体物理圆盘的动力学
James Clerk Maxwell and the dynamics of astrophysical discs
摘要：
麦克斯韦对土星环稳定性的研究提供了最早的天体物理圆盘动力学分析之一。目前对行星环的研究扩展了麦克斯韦的动力学理论，使之能够处理密度较大的颗粒气体，这些颗粒气体经受中等频率的非弹性碰撞。而不是破坏环，局部不稳定性可能是造成其不规则的径向结构。黑洞或致密星周围的吸积盘由混杂磁场渗透的等离子体组成，可以通过将麦克斯韦在电磁学和粘弹性方面的研究联系起来的类比来与实验室流体进行比较。在这项工作中的一个共同的主题是一个复杂的流体的外观与动态本构方程有关的介质中的应力，其变形的历史。
英文摘要：
Maxwell's investigations into the stability of Saturn's rings provide one of the earliest analyses of the dynamics of astrophysical discs. Current research in planetary rings extends Maxwell's kinetic theory to treat dense granular gases of particles undergoing moderately frequent inelastic collisions. Rather than disrupting the rings, local instabilities may be responsible for generating their irregular radial structure. Accretion discs around black holes or compact stars consist of a plasma permeated by a tangled magnetic field and may be compared with laboratory fluids through an analogy that connects Maxwell's researches in electromagnetism and viscoelasticity. A common theme in this work is the appearance of a complex fluid with a dynamical constitutive equation relating the stress in the medium to the history of its deformation.
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