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团内介质中扩展的Fe分布和关于AGN加热的意义

The Extended Fe distribution in the intracluster medium and the implications regarding AGN Heating

Laurence P. David, Paul E. J. Nulsen

摘要:

本文对8个冷核星系团的XMM-牛顿观测资料进行了系统的分析,并确定了Fe在团内介质中的分布与中央优势星系(CDG)中恒星分布的关系。我们的分析表明,在我们的样本中的所有集群的CDG中的Fe是显着超过恒星质量的扩展,随着中心冷却时间的增加,范围略有增加的趋势。这些星团中心100 kpc区域内的过量Fe可以由CDG在过去3-7 Gyr的Ia型超新星产生。由于过剩Fe主要来源于CDG,因此它是一个有用的探针,可以用来确定$\sim$ 5 Gyr以来活动星系核爆发在星系团中心沉积的气体运动和机械能。我们探讨了两种可能的机制,产生更大程度的Fe相对于恒星的CDG,包括:体积膨胀的气体和湍流扩散的Fe。假设气体和Fe一起膨胀,我们发现总能量为$10^{60} - 10^{61}$ ~erg~s $^{-1}$必须已经沉积到这些团簇的中心100 kpc,以产生目前观察到的Fe分布。由于在这些星系团中,过量Fe的富集所需时间约为5 Gyr,因此在这段时间内活动星系核的平均机械能为$10^{43} - 10^{44}$ ~erg~s $^{-1}$。团簇核心中扩展的Fe分布也可能来自湍流扩散。假设稳态(即,通过给定表面的Fe的向外质量通量等于Fe在该表面内的质量注入速率),我们发现需要$10^{29} - 10^{30}$ cm-1 $^2$-s $^{-1}$的扩散系数来维持目前观察到的Fe分布(简略)。

英文摘要:

We present a systematic analysis of XMM-Newton observations of 8 cool-core clusters of galaxies and determine the Fe distribution in the intracluster medium relative to the stellar distribution in the central dominant galaxy (CDG). Our analysis shows that the Fe is significantly more extended than the stellar mass in the CDG in all of the clusters in our sample, with a slight trend of increasing extent with increasing central cooling time. The excess Fe within the central 100 kpc in these clusters can be produced by Type Ia supernovae from the CDG over the past 3-7 Gyr. Since the excess Fe primarily originates from the CDG, it is a useful probe for determining the motion of the gas and the mechanical energy deposited by AGN outbursts over the past $\sim$ 5 Gyr in the centers of clusters. We explore two possible mechanisms for producing the greater extent of the Fe relative to the stars in the CDG, including: bulk expansion of the gas and turbulent diffusion of Fe. Assuming the gas and Fe expand together, we find that a total energy of $10^{60} - 10^{61}$~erg~s$^{-1}$ must have been deposited into the central 100 kpc of these clusters to produce the presently observed Fe distributions. Since the required enrichment time for the excess Fe is approximately 5 Gyr in these clusters, this gives an average AGN mechanical power over this time of $10^{43} - 10^{44}$~erg~s$^{-1}$. The extended Fe distribution in cluster cores can also arise from turbulent diffusion. Assuming steady-state (i.e., the outward mass flux of Fe across a given surface is equal to the mass injection rate of Fe within that surface) we find that diffusion coefficients of $10^{29} - 10^{30}$ cm$^2$~s$^{-1}$ are required to maintain the presently observed Fe profiles (abridged).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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