量子系统的本征和非本征性质
Intrinsic and extrinsic properties of quantum systems
摘要：
本文试图通过揭示量子系统的某些性质来说服量子力学的正统解释与哲学实在论并不矛盾，这些性质似乎还没有引起人们的注意。论述从现实主义的哲学概念开始。然后，量子力学，因为它通常是教降级为理论的一部分，称为现象学的观察，并解释了它的矛盾的现实的共同印象。本文的主要思想，内禀性质的物理概念，介绍了许多例子。它取代了量子世界和经典世界的令人恼火的二分法，用一种更柔和的内在和外在性质之间的差异来代替，这种差异同样涉及微观和宏观系统。最后，对经典性和量子测量进行了分析，发现存在一些尚未解决的问题。一种可能的方法来处理薛定谔猫的建议是基于内在的属性。一个经典性质的简单量子模型说明了我们的哲学是如何工作的。
英文摘要：
The paper attempts to convince that the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics does not contradict philosophical realism by throwing light onto certain properties of quantum systems that seem to have escaped attention as yet. The exposition starts with the philosophical notions of realism. Then, the quantum mechanics as it is usually taught is demoted to a mere part of the theory called phenomenology of observations, and the common impression about its contradiction to realism is explained. The main idea of the paper, the physical notion of intrinsic properties, is introduced and many examples thereof are given. It replaces the irritating dichotomy of quantum and classical worlds by a much softer difference between intrinsic and extrinsic properties, which concern equally microscopic and macroscopic systems. Finally, the classicality and the quantum measurement are analyzed and found to present some still unsolved problems. A possible way of dealing with the Schrödinger cat is suggested that is based on the intrinsic properties. A simple quantum model of one classical property illustrates how our philosophy may work.
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