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arXiv 0802.0513astro-ph
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大质量星团中的黑洞和核心膨胀

Black holes and core expansion in massive star clusters

A. D. Mackey, M. I. Wilkinson, M. B. Davies, G. F. Gilmore

摘要:

我们提出的结果,从现实的N-体建模的大规模星团的麦哲伦星云。我们已经用N ~ 10^5个粒子进行了八次模拟计算,其中六次至少演化了一个哈勃时间。这种建模的目的是研究大质量星团中大规模核心膨胀的可能性,并为麦哲伦星云中观察到的此类物体的半径年龄趋势寻找可行的动力学起源。我们确定了两个物理过程,这可能导致显着的和长期的集群核心膨胀:由于快速恒星演化的质量损失在一个primordially质量分离的集群,和加热由于保留人口的恒星质量黑洞。这两个过程在不同的时间尺度上运作-前者只发生在早期,不能驱动核心膨胀超过几百万年,而后者通常不会开始,直到几百万年已经过去,但可能导致核心膨胀持续许多Gyr。我们调查的行为,这些膨胀机制在集群中具有不同程度的原始质量分离和集群中具有不同的黑洞保留分数。结合起来,这两个过程可以导致各种各样的半径年龄平面上的演化路径,完全覆盖所观察到的集群分布,从而定义一个动力学起源的麦哲伦云的半径年龄趋势。我们讨论了核心膨胀的影响,球状星团研究的各个方面,以及观测推断的可能性存在的人口的恒星质量的黑洞在一个集群。

英文摘要:

We present the results from realistic N-body modelling of massive star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds. We have computed eight simulations with N ~ 10^5 particles; six of these were evolved for at least a Hubble time. The aim of this modelling is to examine the possibility of large-scale core expansion in massive star clusters and search for a viable dynamical origin for the radius-age trend observed for such objects in the Magellanic Clouds. We identify two physical processes which can lead to significant and prolonged cluster core expansion: mass-loss due to rapid stellar evolution in a primordially mass segregated cluster, and heating due to a retained population of stellar-mass black holes. These two processes operate over different time-scales - the former occurs only at early times and cannot drive core expansion for longer than a few hundred Myr, while the latter typically does not begin until several hundred Myr have passed but can result in core expansion lasting for many Gyr. We investigate the behaviour of these expansion mechanisms in clusters with varying degrees of primordial mass segregation and in clusters with varying black hole retention fractions. In combination, the two processes can lead to a wide variety of evolutionary paths on the radius-age plane, which fully cover the observed cluster distribution and hence define a dynamical origin for the radius-age trend in the Magellanic Clouds. We discuss the implications of core expansion for various aspects of globular cluster research, as well as the possibility of observationally inferring the presence of a population of stellar-mass black holes in a cluster.

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