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arXiv 0802.0263astro-ph
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X射线星系团冷却核的演化

On the evolution of cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters

Stefano Ettori, Fabrizio Brighenti

摘要:

为了给X射线星系团冷却核的形成和演化定义一个框架,我们研究了在辐射冷却和引力作用下,能量为4 keV和8 keV的星系团内部区域的物理性质随宇宙时间的变化。冷却半径R_cool,定义为在给定红移下冷却时间等于宇宙年龄的半径,从z>2时的~0.01 R200(结构开始演化)演化到z=0时的~0.05 R200。在0.01 R200下测得的值表明,气体密度和表面亮度每Gyr增加约15- 20%,气体温度每Gyr平均下降10%。当计算中考虑所有的星系团发射时,10 Gyrs后,发射加权温度降低约25%,测辐射热X射线光度增加约2倍。相反,当排除0.15 R500以内的芯区时,气体温度值不变,X射线亮度变化仅为10- 20%。冷却时间和气体熵的径向分布很好地代表了幂律函数。气体温度和密度分布的内斜率的行为是演化冷却核的最敏感和明确的示踪剂。经过10 Gyrs的辐射损失后,热(冷)天体的T_gas ~ r ^0.4和n_gas ~ r^(-1.2)与附近的X射线发光冷却核团的观测约束非常一致。因为我们的模拟没有考虑任何活动星系核加热,他们意味着反馈过程不会大大改变气体密度和温度分布所产生的辐射冷却单独。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) To define a framework for the formation and evolution of the cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters, we study how the physical properties change as function of the cosmic time in the inner regions of a 4 keV and 8 keV galaxy cluster under the action of radiative cooling and gravity only. The cooling radius, R_cool, defined as the radius at which the cooling time equals the Universe age at given redshift, evolves from ~0.01 R200 at z>2, where the structures begin their evolution, to ~0.05 R200 at z=0. The values measured at 0.01 R200 show an increase of about 15-20 per cent per Gyr in the gas density and surface brightness and a decrease with a mean rate of 10 per cent per Gyr in the gas temperature. The emission-weighted temperature diminishes by about 25 per cent and the bolometric X-ray luminosity rises by a factor ~2 after 10 Gyrs when all the cluster emission is considered in the computation. On the contrary, when the core region within 0.15 R500 is excluded, the gas temperature value does not change and the X-ray luminosity varies by 10-20 per cent only. The cooling time and gas entropy radial profiles are well represented by power-law functions. The behaviour of the inner slopes of the gas temperature and density profiles are the most sensitive and unambiguous tracers of an evolving cooling core. Their values after 10 Gyrs of radiative losses, T_gas ~ r^0.4 and n_gas ~ r^(-1.2) for the hot (cool) object, are remarkably in agreement with the observational constraints available for nearby X-ray luminous cooling core clusters. Because our simulations do not consider any AGN heating, they imply that the feedback process does not greatly alter the gas density and temperature profiles as generated by radiative cooling alone.

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