来自Archeops实验的亚毫米点源：银道面中非常冷的团块
Submillimetre point sources from the Archeops experiment: Very Cold Clumps in the Galactic Plane
摘要：
Archeops是一个球载实验，主要用于以高角分辨率（~ 12弧分）测量宇宙微波背景（CMB）温度各向异性。该任务的副产品是在143、217、353和545 GHz的毫米和亚毫米范围内的大部分天空（约30%）的浅层灵敏度图。从这些地图，我们产生一个明亮的亚毫米点源的目录。本文介绍了Archeops点源的处理和分析。探测器之间的冗余是关键因素，可以在20个独立的地图中从真正的点源中找出故障。我们看看最可靠的点源的属性，总共304。通量范围从1到10，000焦耳（在频率覆盖143到545千兆赫）。所有的来源要么是行星（2），要么是银河系的起源。经度范围从75度到198度。其中一些来源与著名的林德星云和银道面上的HII致密区有关。很大一部分的来源有一个IRAS对应。除了木星、土星、蟹状星云和Cas A外，所有的光源都显示出类似尘埃发射的修正黑体发射光谱。温度范围从7到27 K。对于最冷的源（T<10 K），发现了一个陡峭的nu^beta发射率定律，其β值为3到4。观察到T和β之间的反比关系。在353 GHz处，通量比100 Jy亮的源的数密度是1/银河经度的数量级。这些来源将提供一个强有力的检查普朗克HFI焦平面几何形状的校准作为行星的补充。Archeops观测到的这些非常冷的源应该是Akari和Herschel空间飞行任务和地面观测站测绘观测的主要目标。
英文摘要：
Archeops is a balloon-borne experiment, mainly designed to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropies at high angular resolution (~ 12 arcminutes). By-products of the mission are shallow sensitivity maps over a large fraction of the sky (about 30 %) in the millimetre and submillimetre range at 143, 217, 353 and 545 GHz. From these maps, we produce a catalog of bright submillimetre point sources. We present in this paper the processing and analysis of the Archeops point sources. Redundancy across detectors is the key factor allowing to sort out glitches from genuine point sources in the 20 independent maps. We look at the properties of the most reliable point sources, totalling 304. Fluxes range from 1 to 10,000 Jy (at the frequencies covering 143 to 545 GHz). All sources are either planets (2) or of galactic origin. Longitude range is from 75 to 198 degrees. Some of the sources are associated with well-known Lynds Nebulae and HII compact regions in the galactic plane. A large fraction of the sources have an IRAS counterpart. Except for Jupiter, Saturn, the Crab and Cas A, all sources show a dust-emission-like modified blackbody emission spectrum. Temperatures cover a range from 7 to 27 K. For the coldest sources (T<10 K), a steep nu^beta emissivity law is found with a surprising beta ~ 3 to 4. An inverse relationship between T and beta is observed. The number density of sources at 353 GHz with flux brighter than 100 Jy is of the order of 1 per degree of Galactic longitude. These sources will provide a strong check for the calibration of the Planck HFI focal plane geometry as a complement to planets. These very cold sources observed by Archeops should be prime targets for mapping observations by the Akari and Herschel space missions and ground--based observatories.
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