As users begin to use many more devices for personal information management (PIM) than just the traditional desktop computer, it is essential for HCI researchers to understand how these devices are being used in the wild and their roles in users' information environments. We conducted a study of 220 knowledge workers about their devices, the activities they performed on each, and the groups of devices used together. Our findings indicate that several devices are often used in groups; integrated multi-function portable devices have begun to replace single-function devices for communication (e.g. email and IM). Users use certain features opportunistically because they happen to be carrying a multi-function device with them. The use of multiple devices and multi-function devices is fraught with compromises as users must choose and make trade-offs among various factors.
Remote services and applications that users access via their local clients (laptops or desktops) usually assume that, following a successful user authentication at the beginning of the session, all subsequent communication reflects the user's intent. However, this is not true if the adversary gains control of the client and can therefore manipulate what the user sees and what is sent to the remote server. To protect the user's communication with the remote server despite a potentially compromised local client, we propose the concept of continuous visual supervision by a second device equipped …
In healthcare, AI systems support clinicians and patients in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, but many systems' poor explainability remains challenging for practical application. Overcoming this barrier is the goal of explainable AI (XAI). However, an explanation can be perceived differently and, thus, not solve the black-box problem for everyone. The domain of Human-Centered AI deals with this problem by adapting AI to users. We present a user-centered persona concept to evaluate XAI and use it to investigate end-users preferences for various explanation styles and contents in a mobile h…
Mobile applications (a.k.a., apps), which facilitate a large variety of tasks on mobile devices, have become indispensable in our everyday lives. Accomplishing a task may require the user to navigate among various apps. Unlike Web pages that are inherently interconnected through hyperlinks, mobile apps are usually isolated building blocks, and the lack of direct links between apps has largely compromised the efficiency of task completion. In this paper, we present the first in-depth empirical study of inter-app navigation behaviors of smartphone users based on a comprehensive dataset collected…
This paper presents an autoethnography of my experiences living without a mobile phone. What started as an experiment motivated by a personal need to reduce stress, has resulted in two voluntary mobile phone breaks spread over nine years (i.e., 2002-2008 and 2014-2017). Conducting this autoethnography is the means to assess if the lack of having a phone has had any real impact in my life. Based on formative and summative analyses, four meaningful units or themes were identified (i.e., social relationships, everyday work, research career, and location and security), and judged using seven crite…
Thanks to mobile apps such as Periscope and Facebook Live, live-streaming video is having a moment again. It has not been clear, however, to what extent the current ubiquity of smartphones is impacting this technology's acceptance in everyday social situations and how mobile contexts or affordances will affect and be affected by shifts in social norms and policy debates regarding privacy, surveillance and intellectual property. This ethnographic-style research explores familiarity with and attitudes about mobile live-streaming video and related legal and ethical issues among a sample of "Middl…
Voice input has been tremendously improving the user experience of mobile devices by freeing our hands from typing on the small screen. Speech recognition is the key technology that powers voice input, and it is usually outsourced to the cloud for the best performance. However, the cloud might compromise users' privacy by identifying their identities by voice, learning their sensitive input content via speech recognition, and then profiling the mobile users based on the content. In this paper, we design an intermediate between users and the cloud, named VoiceMask, to sanitize users' voice data…
Mobile Information Retrieval (Mobile IR) is a relatively recent branch of Information Retrieval (IR) that is concerned with enabling users to carry out, using a mobile device, all the classical IR operations that they were used to carry out on a desktop. This includes finding content available on local repositories or on the web in response to a user query, interacting with the system in an explicit or implicit way, reformulate the query and/or visualise the content of the retrieved documents, as well as providing relevance judgments to improve the retrieval process. This book is structured as…
The present study has made a review of scientific publications on applications focused on autism, most of them developed for communication, social behavior and learning, which coincides with what is observed in a digital market that practically lacks scientific validation. The study has also found only 135 of these type of applications with a Spanish version available (in a practical sense), developed mostly for daily life of an autistic person and/or people from their immediate environment. By using these applications, there are positive results in terms of learning and permanent adoption of …
The number of mobile devices, such as smartphones and smartwatches, is relentlessly increasing to almost 6.8 billion by 2022, and along with it, the amount of personal and sensitive data captured by them. This survey overviews the state of the art of what personal and sensitive user attributes can be extracted from mobile device sensors, emphasising critical aspects such as demographics, health and body features, activity and behaviour recognition, etc. In addition, we review popular metrics in the literature to quantify the degree of privacy, and discuss powerful privacy methods to protect th…
Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；Indian Institute Of Technology, Goa（印度理工学院果阿分校）；Nokia Technologies（诺基亚技术公司）；Yildiz Technical University（耶尔德兹技术大学）；Huawei Technologies（华为技术有限公司）
For graphical user interface (UI) design, it is important to understand what attracts visual attention. While previous work on saliency has focused on desktop and web-based UIs, mobile app UIs differ from these in several respects. We present findings from a controlled study with 30 participants and 193 mobile UIs. The results speak to a role of expectations in guiding where users look at. Strong bias toward the top-left corner of the display, text, and images was evident, while bottom-up features such as color or size affected saliency less. Classic, parameter-free saliency models showed a we…
Users need to configure default apps when they first start using their devices. The privacy configurations of the default apps do not always match what users think they have initially enabled. We first systematically evaluated the privacy configurations of default apps. We discovered serious issues with the documentation of the default apps. Based on these findings, we explored users' experiences with an interview study (N=15). Our findings from both studies show that: the instructions of setting privacy configurations of default apps are vague and lack required steps; users were unable to dis…
