神秘的公式和克罗诺斯的神秘
The mystical formula and the mystery of Khronos
摘要：
1908年，闵可夫斯基提出了一个想法，即在我们今天所称的洛伦兹群（$GL(1,3, {\bf R})$）下的不变性在四维时空连续体中更有意义。这暗示着空间和时间是交织在一起的实体，因此，运动学和动力学的量可以表示为矢量，或者更一般地说，在四维时空中用张量表示。闵可夫斯基还展示了因果关系应该如何在四维向量空间中构建。闵可夫斯基提出的数学公式使其推广到弯曲空间非常自然，使广义相对论和许多其他发展的大门半开着。然而，值得注意的是，这个看似简单的公式避开了许多空间和时间的研究者，并且违背了我们的日常经验和感知，根据这些经验和感知，空间和时间是不同的实体。在这篇文章中，我们讨论了这些相互矛盾的观点，分析了它们在当代物理学中的表现，并评论了时空探索者面临的挑战。
英文摘要：
In 1908, Minkowski put forward the idea that invariance under what we call today the Lorentz group, $GL(1,3, {\bf R})$, would be more meaningful in a four-dimensional space-time continuum. This suggestion implies that space and time are intertwined entities so that, kinematic and dynamical quantities can be expressed as vectors, or more generally by tensors, in the four-dimensional space-time. Minkowski also showed how causality should be structured in the four-dimensional vector space. The mathematical formulation proposed by Minkowski made its generalization to curved spaces quite natural, leaving the doors to the General Theory of Relativity and many other developments ajar. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that this deceptively simple formulation eluded many researchers of space and time, and goes against our every day experience and perception, according to which space and time are distinct entities. In this contribution, we discuss these contradictory views, analyze how they are seen in contemporary physics and comment on the challenges that space-time explorers face.
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