We study the evolution of a cosmological baryon asymmetry in leptogenesis when the right-handed neutrinos are produced in inflaton decays. By performing a detailed numerical study over a broad range of inflaton-neutrino couplings we show that the resulting asymmetry can be larger by two orders of magnitude or more than in thermal leptogenesis, if the reheating temperature T_{RH} is of the same order as the right-handed neutrino mass M_1. Hence, the lower limit on the baryogenesis temperature obtained in thermal leptogenesis can be relaxed accordingly.
In a minimal model of leptogenesis, the observed baryon asymmetry is realized after high-scale reheating into the lightest sterile neutrino. We consider constraints on this scenario from the stability of the Higgs vacuum during pre-heating. Depending on the reheat temperature, the lightest sterile neutrino may be in or out of thermal equilibrium at production. Demanding stability of the Higgs vacuum during pre-heating, we find strong constraints which primarily impact the parameter space of thermal leptogenesis.
Cosmic strings form at the end of standard supersymmetric hybrid inflation, and both inflation and strings contribute to the CMB anisotropies. If the symmetry which is broken at the end of inflation is gauged $B$-$L$, there is a mixed scenario for leptogenesis: Right-handed neutrinos can be produced non-thermally during reheating via inflaton decay as well as via cosmic string decay. We show that the parameter space consistent with CMB data can accommodate either or both scenarios depending on the mass of the right-handed neutrinos.
We study the impact for leptogenesis of new U(1) gauge bosons coupled to the heavy Majorana neutrinos. They can significantly enhance the efficiency of thermal scenarios in the weak washout regime as long as the Z' masses are not much larger than the reheating temperature ($M_{Z'}<10 T_{rh}$), with the highest efficiencies obtained for Z' bosons considerably heavier than the heavy neutrinos ($M_{Z'} > 100 M_1$). We show how the allowed region of the parameter space is modified in the presence of a Z' and we also obtain the minimum reheating temperature that is required for these models to be s…
In this paper we point out that the cosmological baryon asymmetry in our universe is generated almost independently of the reheating temperature $T_R$ in Affleck-Dine leptogenesis and it is determined mainly by the mass of the lightest neutrino, $m_{ν_1}$, in a wide range of the reheating temperature $T_R\simeq 10^5$--$10^{12}$ GeV. The present baryon asymmetry predicts the $m_{ν_1}$ in a narrow region, $m_{ν_1}\simeq (0.3$--$1)\times 10^{-9}$ eV. Such a small mass of the lightest neutrino leads to a high predictability on the mass parameter $m_{ν_e ν_e}$ contributing to the neutrinoless doubl…
We study the transformation into a baryon asymmetry of a charge initially stored in a complex (waterfall) scalar field at the end of a hybrid inflation phase as described in Ref[1]. The waterfall field is coupled to right-handed neutrinos, and is also responsible for their Majorana masses. The charge is finally transferred to the leptons of the Standard Model through the decay of the right-handed neutrinos without introducing new CP violating interactions. Other needed processes, like the decay of the inflaton field and the reheating of the Universe are also discussed in detail.
We reconsider the possibility that inflation was driven by a sneutrino - the scalar supersymmetric partner of a heavy singlet neutrino - in the minimal seesaw model of neutrino masses. We show that this model is consistent with data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), including those from the WMAP satellite. We derive and implement the CMB constraints on sneutrino properties, calculate reheating and the cosmological baryon asymmetry arising via direct leptogenesis from sneutrino decays following sneutrino inflation, and relate them to light neutrino masses. We show that this scenario is …
In this paper, we extend the analysis of a Pati-Salam subcritical hybrid $F$-term inflation model, proposed by two of us, by studying the reheating and the baryogenesis (via leptogenesis) of the model. This SUSY GUT model is able to fit low energy electroweak precision data, LHC data, $b$-physics data, in addition to inflation observables such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the scalar spectral index. The reheating mechanism of this model is instant preheating due to the bosonic and fermionic broad parametric resonance, while the baryon-to-entropy ratio is obtained from the CP asymmetric rig…
We show that a mini-thermal inflation occurs naturally in a class of gauge mediation models of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking, provided that the reheating temperature T_R of the primary inflation is much higher than the SUSY-breaking scale, say T_R > 10^{10} GeV. The reheating process of the thermal inflation produces an amount of entropy, which dilutes the number density of relic gravitinos. This dilution renders the gravitino to be the dark matter in the present universe. The abundance of the gravitinos is independent of the reheating temperature T_R, once the gravtinos are thermally produced…
Models of leptogenesis are constrained by the low reheat temperature at the end of reheating associated with the gravitino bound. However a detailed view of reheating, in which the maximum temperature during reheating, $\Tmax$, can be orders of magnitude higher than the reheat temperature, allows for the production of heavy Majorana neutrinos needed for leptogenesis. But then one must also consider the possibility of enhanced gravitino production in such scenarios. In this article we consider gravitino production during reheating, its dependence on $\Tmax$, and its relevance for leptogenesis. …
In the present work we study non-thermal leptogenesis and baryon asymmetry in the universe in different neutrino mass models discussed recently. For each model we obtain a formula relating the reheating temperature after inflation to the inflaton mass. It is shown that all but four cases are excluded and that in the cases which survive the inflaton mass and the reheating temperature after inflation are bounded from below and from above.
In the no-scale supergravity with Type-I Seesaw model of Non-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM), we have analysed inflation, reheating and leptogenesis. A no-scale supergravity realization of Starobinsky model of inflation in simple Wess-Zumino model have been shown earlier by Ellis et al. Here we show a no-scale supergravity realization of Starobinsky model of inflation in Type-I Seesaw framework of NMSSM. In this framework an appropriate choice of no-scale Kähler potential results in Starobinsky like plateau inflation along a Higgs-sneutrino $D$-flat direction consistent with the …
Observed baryon asymmetry can be achieved not only by the decay of right-handed neutrinos but also by the scattering processes in the reheating era. In the latter scenario, new physics in high energy scale does not need to be specified, but only two types of the higher dimensional operator of the standard model particles are assumed in the previous work. In this paper, we examine the origin of the higher dimensional operators assuming models with a certain seesaw mechanism at the high energy scale. The seesaw mechanism seems to be a simple realization of the reheating era leptogenesis because …
We consider a simple extension of the standard model, which could give a solution to its $CP$ issues through both the Peccei-Quinn mechanism and the Nelson-Barr mechanism. Its low energy effective model coincides with the scotogenic model in the leptonic sector. Although leptogenesis is known not to work well at lower reheating temperature than $10^9$ GeV in simple seesaw and scotogenic frameworks, such low reheating temperature could be consistent with both neutrino mass generation and thermal leptogenesis via newly introduced fields without referring to the resonance effect. An alternative d…
For supersymmetric theories with gravitino dark matter, the maximal reheating temperature consistent with big bang nucleosynthesis bounds arises when the physical gaugino masses are degenerate. We consider the cases of a stau or sneutrino next-to-lightest superpartner, which have relatively less constraint from big bang nucleosynthesis. The resulting parameter space is consistent with leptogenesis requirements, and can be reached in generalized gauge mediation models. Such models illustrate a class of theories that overcome the well-known tension between big bang nucleosynthesis and leptogenes…
We propose a new non-thermal Leptogenesis mechanism that takes place during the reheating epoch, and utilizes the Ratchet mechanism. The interplay between the oscillation of the inflaton during reheating and a scalar lepton leads to a dynamical system that emulates the well-known forced pendulum. This is found to produce driven motion in the phase of the scalar lepton which leads to the generation of a non-zero lepton number density that is later redistributed to baryon number via sphaleron processes. This model successfully reproduces the observed baryon asymmetry, while simultaneously provid…
We have studied extensively phenomenological implications in a specific model of brane inflation driven by background supergravity, via thermal history of the universe and leptogenesis pertaining to the particle physics phenomenology of the early universe. Using the one loop corrected inflationary potential we have investigated for the analytical expression as well as the numerical estimation for brane reheating temperature for standard model particles. This results in some novel features of reheating from this type of inflation which have serious implications in the production of heavy Majora…
The low reheat temperature at the end of inflation from the gravitino bound constrains the creation of heavy Majorana neutrinos associated with models of leptogenesis. However, a detailed view of the reheating of the Universe at the end of inflation implies that the maximum temperature during reheating, $\Tmax$, can be orders of magnitude higher than the final reheat temperature. This then allows for the production of the heavy Majorana neutrinos needed for leptogenesis. We carry out the complementary calculation of the gravitino production during reheating and its dependence on $\Tmax$. We fi…
Since the gravitational interaction is universal, any particle that ever existed, if kinematically accessible, has to be produced through her. We explore the possibility that dark matter is generated purely from gravitational scatterings together with heavy Majorana right-handed neutrinos that are long-lived. Their late decay could inject significant entropy into the thermal bath, diluting both the dark matter abundance and the cosmic baryon asymmetry, thereby imposing various constraints on the reheating dynamics. Additionally to the entropy injection, long-lived right-handed neutrinos could …
In this paper, we revisit the gravitino dark matter scenario in the presence of the bilinear $R$-parity violating interaction. In particular, we discuss a consistency with the thermal leptogenesis. For a high reheating temperature required for the thermal leptogenesis, the gravitino dark matter tends to be overproduced, which puts a severe upper limit on the gluino mass. As we will show, a large portion of parameter space of the gravitino dark matter scenario has been excluded by combining the constraints from the gravitino abundance and the null results of the searches for the superparticles …
We study if leptogenesis works successfully together with the neutrino mass anarchy hypothesis. We find that the predicted neutrino mass spectrum is sensitive to the reheating temperature or the inflaton mass, while the distributions of the neutrino mixing angles and CP violation phases remain intact as determined by the invariant Haar measure of U(3). In the case of thermal leptogenesis, the light neutrino mass distribution agrees well with the observations if the reheating temperature is O(10^{9-11}) GeV. The mass spectrum of the right-handed neutrinos and the neutrino Yukawa matrix exhibit …
We propose a novel leptogenesis scenario at the reheating era. Our setup is minimal in the sense that, in addition to the standard model Lagrangian, we only consider an inflaton and higher dimensional operators. The lepton number asymmetry is produced not by the decay of a heavy particle, but by the scattering between the standard model particles. After the decay of an inflaton, the model is described within the standard model with higher dimensional operators. The Sakharov's three conditions are satisfied by the following way. The violation of the lepton number is realized by the dimension-5 …
We consider the generation of the baryon asymmetry in models with right-handed neutrinos produced through gravitational scattering of the inflaton during reheating. The right-handed neutrinos later decay and generate a lepton asymmetry, which is partially converted to a baryon asymmetry by Standard Model sphaleron processes. We find that a sufficient asymmetry can be generated for a wide range of right-handed neutrino masses and reheating temperatures. We also show that the same type of gravitational scattering produces Standard Model Higgs bosons, which can achieve inflationary reheating cons…
We show that a minimal scenario, utilizing only the graviton as an intermediate messenger between the inflaton, the dark sector and the Standard Model (SM), is able to generate $simultaneously$ the observed relic density of dark matter (DM), the baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis, as well as a sufficiently hot thermal bath after inflation. We assume an inflaton potential of the form $V(ϕ)\propto ϕ^k$ about the minimum at the end of inflation. The possibility of reheating via minimal gravitational interactions has been excluded by constraints on dark radiation for excessive gravitational wav…
We study the supersymmetric leptogenesis via $LH_{u}$ flat direction with a gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. We find that the resultant baryon asymmetry is enhanced compared with the case without a gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. The baryon asymmetry is proportional to the reheating temperature of inflation, but it is independent of the gravitino mass. If high reheating temperatures of inflation $T_{R}\sim 10^{10}\GEV$ are available, the mass of the lightest neutrino, $m_{ν1}\sim 10^{-4}\EV$, is small enough to explain the baryon asymmetry in the present universe. Furthermore, the gravitino mass in…
We revisit the gravitational leptogenesis scenario in which the inflaton is coupled to gravity by the Chern-Simons term and the lepton asymmetry is generated through the gravitational anomaly in the lepton number current during inflation. We constrain the possible model parameter space by requiring the absence of ghost modes below the Planck scale, which would suggest the breakdown of the effective theory, and evaluate the net baryon asymmetry for various reheating processes. We find that the mechanism with these requirements is insufficient to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Univ…
In this talk, we studied the implication of the constraint on the reheating temperature coming from the gravitino problem on models of leptogenesis. We point out that in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model, all existing models of neutrino masses and leptogenesis, except the one with right-handed singlet neutrinos are ruled out for a large range of the gravitino mass.
We consider leptogenesis in scenarios with many neutrino singlets. We find that the lower bound for the reheating temperature can be significantly relaxed with respect to the hierarchical three neutrino case. We further argue that the upper bound for the neutrino mass scale from leptogenesis gets significantly lifted in these scenarios. As a specific realization, we then discuss an extra-dimensional model, where the large number of neutrinos is provided by Kaluza-Klein excitations.
In the supersymmetric extensions of the standard model, neutrino masses and leptogenesis requires existence of new particles. We point out that if these particles with lepton number violating interactions have standard model gauge interactions, then they may not be created after reheating because of the gravitino problem. This will rule out all existing models of neutrino masses and leptogenesis, except the one with right-handed singlet neutrinos.
We study thermal leptogenesis in a broad class of supersymmetric SO(10) models with a left-right symmetric seesaw mechanism, taking into account flavour effects and the contribution of the next-to-lightest right-handed neutrino supermultiplet. Assuming M_D = M_u and a normal hierarchy of light neutrino masses, we show that four out of the eight right-handed neutrino mass spectra reconstructed from low-energy neutrino data can lead to successful leptogenesis with a reheating temperature in the (10^9 - 10^10) GeV range. In the remaining four solutions, leptogenesis is dominated by N_2 decays, as…
Thermal leptogenesis requires the reheating temperature $T_R \gsim 3\times 10^{9}$ GeV, which contradicts a recently obtained constraint on the reheating temperature, $T_R \lsim 10^6$ GeV, for the gravitino mass of 100 GeV-10 TeV. This stringent constraint comes from the fact that the hadronic decays of gravitinos destroy very efficiently light elements produced by the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis. However, it is not applicable if the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). We show that this solution to the gravitino problem works for the case where the next LSP is a scalar charge…
We study a minimal scenario to realize non-thermal leptogenesis and UV freeze-in of a Standard Model (SM) gauge singlet fermionic dark matter (DM) simultaneously, with inflaton field playing a non-trivial role in their yields. The renormalizable interactions are restricted to the SM fields, two right handed neutrinos (RHN) and inflaton coupling exclusively to the RHNs, while the DM couples to both the SM and the RHNs only via operators of dimension $d>4$. Considering two separate cases of $d=\{5,6\}$, we show that for $d=5$, inflaton decay into RHNs followed by their subsequent decay into SM p…
We study a neutrino mass texture which can explain the neutrino oscillation data and also saturate the upper bound of the CP asymmetry $ε_1$ in the leptogenesis. We consider the thermal and non-thermal leptogenesis based on the right-handed neutrino decay in this model. A lower bound of the reheating temperature required for the explanation of the baryon number asymmetry is estimated as $O(10^8)$GeV for the thermal leptogenesis and $O(10^{6})$GeV for the non-thermal one.It can be lower than the upper bound of the reheating temperature imposed by the cosmological gravitino problem. An example o…
We study a leptogenesis via decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos produced non-thermally in inflaton decays. We find that this scenario is fully consistent with existing supersymmetric inflation models such as for topological or for hybrid inflation and the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism generating hierarchies in quark and lepton mass matrices. The reheating temperature $T_R$ of inflation may be taken as low as $T_R \simeq 10^8$ GeV to avoid the cosmological gravitino problem.
Thermal leptogenesis in the canonical seesaw model in supersymmetry suffers from the incompatibility of a generic lower bound on the mass scale of the lightest right-handed neutrino and the upper bound on the reheating temperature of the Universe after inflation. This is resolved by adding an extra singlet superfield, with a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, to the NMSSM (Next to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model). This generic mechanism is applicable to any supersymmetric model for lowering the scale of leptogenesis.
The observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe is suitably created in thermal leptogenesis through the out-of-equilibrium decay of $N_1$, the lightest of the three heavy singlet neutral fermions which anchor the seesaw mechanism to obtain small Majorana neutrino masses. However, this scenario suffers from the incompatibility of a generic lower bound on the mass of $N_1$ and the upper bound on the reheating temperature of the Universe after inflation. A modest resolution of this conundrum is proposed.
Supersymmetric scenarios where the lightest superparticle (LSP) is the gravitino are an attractive alternative to the widely studied case of a neutralino LSP. A strong motivation for a gravitino LSP arises from the possibility of achieving higher reheating temperatures and thus potentially allow for thermal leptogenesis. The predictions for the primordial abundances of light elements in the presence of a late decaying next-to-LSP (NSLP) as well as the currently measured dark matter abundance allow us to probe the cosmological viability of such a scenario. Here we consider a gravitino-stau scen…
We consider the SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X \otimes U(1)_N (3-3-1-1) model at the GUT scale with implication for inflation and leptogenesis. The mass spectra of the neutral Higgs bosons and neutral gauge bosons are reconsidered when the scale of the 3-3-1-1 breaking is much larger than that of the ordinary SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X (3-3-1) breaking. We investigate how the 3-3-1-1 model generates an inflation by identifying the scalar field that spontaneously breaks the U(1)_N symmetry to inflaton as well as including radiative corrections for the inflaton potential. We …
Supersymmetric thermal leptogenesis with a hierarchical right-handed neutrino mass spectrum requires the mass of the lightest right-handed neutrino to be heavier than about 10^9 GeV. This is in conflict with the upper bound on the reheating temperature which is found by imposing that the gravitinos generated during the reheating stage after inflation do not jeopardize successful nucleosynthesis. In this paper we show that a solution to this tension is actually already incorporated in the framework, because of the presence of flat directions in the supersymmetric scalar potential. Massive right…
We study Affleck-Dine leptogenesis via the L H_u flat direction in supersymmetric theories. We find that the baryon asymmetry is enhanced when the energy scale of the inflation is sufficiently low. Especially, we consider models of low scale inflation in which the Hubble parameter during inflation is comparable to (but slightly larger than) the gravitino mass m_{3/2} \sim 1 \TeV. The observed cosmological baryon asymmetry is obtained with the lightest neutrino mass m_{ν_1} \sim 10^{-4} eV, if the reheating process is suddenly terminated after inflation.
Gravitational leptogenesis refers to a class of baryogenesis models in which the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe arises through the standard model lepton-number gravitational anomaly. In these models chiral gravitational waves source a lepton asymmetry in standard model neutrinos during the inflationary epoch. We point out that gravitational leptogenesis can be successful in either the Dirac or Majorana neutrino mass scenario. In the Dirac mass scenario, gravitational leptogenesis predicts a relic abundance of sterile neutrinos that remain out of equilibrium, and the lepton asymmet…
We revisit Higgs inflation in the framework of a minimal extension of the Standard Model gauge symmetry by a $U(1)_{B-L}$ factor. Various aspects are taken into account with particular focus on the role of the supersymmetry breaking (SUSY) scale and the cosmological constraints associated with the gravitino. The scalar potential of the model is considered in the context of no-scale supergravity consisting of the F-part constructed from the Kähler function, the D-terms and soft SUSY contributions. We investigate several limiting cases and by varying the SUSY scale from a few TeV up to intermedi…
We propose a scenario for the generation of baryon number asymmetry based on the inflaton decay in a radiative neutrino mass model extended with singlet scalars. In this scenario, lepton number asymmetry is produced through the decay of non-thermal right-handed neutrinos caused from the inflaton decay. Since the amount of non-thermal right-handed neutrinos could be much larger than the thermal ones, the scenario could work without any resonance effect for rather low reheating temperature. Sufficient baryon number asymmetry can be generated for much lighter right-handed neutrinos compared with …
We revisit the hybrid inflation model gauged by $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) in a no-scale background. Considering a single predictive framework, we study inflation, leptogenesis, gavitino cosmology, and the stochastic background of gravitational waves produced by metastable cosmic strings. The spontaneous breaking of $U(1)_{B-L}$ at the end of inflation produces a network of metastable cosmic strings while, the interaction between $U(1)_{B-L}$ Higgs field and the neutrinos generate heavy Majorana masses for the right-handed neutrinos. The heavy Ma…
We analyze the most general version of the supersymmetric minimal see-saw model with only two right-chiral neutrinos which are degenerate in masses at the scale of Grand Unification. We study the renormalization effects that give rise to non-zero CP asymmetries in the decays of these neutrinos and find that their resonant enhancement due to small mass splitting is partly compensated by other RG effects in the running of the neutrino Yukawa couplings. In spite of this compensation, the CP asymmetries can be large enough for successful thermal leptogenesis. Moreover, they depend very weakly on t…
We re-examine Affleck-Dine baryo/leptogenesis from the oscillation of condensates along flat directions of the supersymmetric standard model, which attained large vevs at the end of inflationary epoque. The key observation is that superpotential interactions couple the flat directions to other fields, which acquire masses induced by the flat-direction vev that may be sufficiently small for them to be kinematically accessible to inflaton decay. The resulting plasma of inflaton decay products then may act on the flat directions via these superpotential Yukawa couplings, inducing thermal masses a…
