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arXiv 0801.3327astro-ph
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射频下NGC 7027的演化:距离和核心质量的新测定

The Evolution of NGC 7027 at Radio Frequencies: A New Determination of the Distance and Core Mass

Albert Zijlstra, P. A. M. van Hoof, R. A. Perley

摘要:

我们提出了一个为期25年的计划,以监测行星状星云NGC 7027的无线电通量的演变的结果。我们发现显着的频谱通量密度的演变。在1465 MHz处,星云的光学厚度较大,其通量密度以每年0.251+-0.015%的速度增加,这是由电离星云的膨胀造成的。在发射光很薄的频率下,光谱通量密度以每年-0.145+-0.005%的速度变化,这是由来自中央恒星的电离光子数量减少引起的。导出的距离为980 ± 100 pc。通过对观测到的变化拟合后AGB演化的内插模型,我们发现在25年的监测期内,恒星温度增加了3900 ± 900 K,恒星辐射光度降低了1.75 ± 0.38%.采用Bloecker恒星演化模型,我们得到一个与距离无关的恒星质量为0.655+-0.01太阳质量,或者当使用Vassiliadis & Wood模型时,可能会提供更好的拟合,大约高出0.04太阳质量。一个多云的光电离模型被用来同时拟合所有频率下的所有历元。射电通量密度预测值和观测值之间的差异显示出一些与时间无关的残差,通常为1%。一个可能的解释是在Baars等人的无线电通量尺度的不准确性。我们提出了一个调整的初级无线电通量校准器3C 286的通量密度尺度,基于多云模型的NGC 7027。我们还计算了精确的通量密度NGC 7027在VLA使用的所有标准连续带,以及一些新的30 GHz的实验。

英文摘要:

We present the results of a 25-year program to monitor the radio flux evolution of the planetary nebula NGC7027. We find significant evolution of the spectral flux densities. The flux density at 1465 MHz, where the nebula is optically thick, is increasing at a rate of 0.251+-0.015 % per year, caused by the expansion of the ionized nebula. At frequencies where the emission is optically thin, the spectral flux density is changing at a rate of -0.145+-0.005 % per year, caused by a decrease in the number of ionizing photons coming from the central star. A distance of 980+-100 pc is derived. By fitting interpolated models of post-AGB evolution to the observed changes, we find that over the 25-yr monitoring period, the stellar temperature has increased by 3900+-900 K and the stellar bolometric luminosity has decreased by 1.75+-0.38 %. We derive a distance-independent stellar mass of 0.655+-0.01 solar masses adopting the Bloecker stellar evolution models, or about 0.04 solar masses higher when using models of Vassiliadis & Wood which may provide a better fit. A Cloudy photoionization model is used to fit all epochs at all frequencies simultaneously. The differences between the radio flux density predictions and the observed values show some time-independent residuals of typically 1 %. A possible explanation is inaccuracies in the radio flux scale of Baars et al. We propose an adjustment to the flux density scale of the primary radio flux calibrator 3C286, based on the Cloudy model of NGC7027. We also calculate precise flux densities for NGC7027 for all standard continuum bands used at the VLA, as well as for some new 30GHz experiments.

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