时空泡沫：从熵和全息到无限统计和非定域性
Spacetime foam: from entropy and holography to infinite statistics and nonlocality
摘要：
由于量子涨落，时空在小尺度上是泡沫状的。泡沫的程度被认为是一致的全息，一个原则预示着在物理学的黑洞熵。它关系到时钟和测量的最终精度以及量子计算的物理学。与现有的存档数据从哈勃太空望远镜的活动星系核，全息时空泡沫模型的宇宙学的应用程序需要存在的暗能量，我们认为，是由一个巨大的惰性“粒子”的极长波长。我们认为，这些“粒子”服从无限统计，其中粒子置换群的所有表示都可以发生，并且服从无限统计的系统中存在的非定域性可能与全息理论中存在的非定域性有关。我们还建议通过在遥远类星体的图像中寻找晕来检测时空泡沫，并认为它不会修改超高能宇宙射线谱中的GZK截止，并且它对来自遥远GRB的高能伽马射线的飞行时间差异的贡献太小而无法检测。
英文摘要：
Due to quantum fluctuations, spacetime is foamy on small scales. The degree of foaminess is found to be consistent with holography, a principle prefigured in the physics of black hole entropy. It has bearing on the ultimate accuracies of clocks and measurements and the physics of quantum computation. Consistent with existing archived data on active galactic nuclei from the Hubble Space Telescope, the application of the holographic spacetime foam model to cosmology requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert "particles" of extremely long wavelength. We suggest that these "particles" obey infinite statistics in which all representations of the particle permutation group can occur, and that the nonlocality present in systems obeying infinite statistics may be related to the nonlocality present in holographic theories. We also propose to detect spacetime foam by looking for halos in the images of distant quasars, and argue that it does not modify the GZK cutoff in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum and its contributions to time-of-flight differences of high energy gamma rays from distant GRB are too small to be detectable.
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