通过放射性测量改善土壤湿度研究。地质剖面的电特性和调制
Amélioration de l'étude de l'étude de l'humidité de sols par radiométrie. Caractérisation et modélisation diélectriques de profils géologiques
摘要：
地表土壤水分是描述陆-气之间水分和能量交换的关键变量。在水文学和气象学中，上层土壤中的水量（距地表0-5厘米）允许评估裸土的实际蒸发和潜在蒸发之间的关系。还可以确定降雨量或其他变量（如水力传导率）的分布。研究表明，微波传感器可用于扫描表层土壤水分。与SMOS任务（土壤水分和海洋盐度）相关的团队选择的解决方案是使用辐射计（1.4 GHz）来识别土壤微波辐射。测量是在图卢兹的CESBIO网站上安装了1.4 GHz的辐射计。植被覆盖、土壤温度、积雪覆盖、地形或湿度变化的影响在广播微波地面中具有重要作用。其他参数，如地面中存在的夹杂物（洞，石头）或土壤质地也会干扰测量。我们在本文中提出的工作的目的是开发一个数值模型来模拟复杂的地质结构。该模型必须考虑所有可能影响辐射计测量的等效介电常数的参数（表面、湿度变化等）。内含物）。该模型的目的是计算这些地质结构的等效介电常数，以便能够将每个辐射计测量值与等效湿度相关联。
英文摘要：
The surface soil moisture is a key variable to describe the exchange of water and energy between the land and the atmosphere. In hydrology, and meteorology, the amount of water in the upper soil layers permits (0-5 cm from the surface) the evaluation of the relationship between the real evaporation and the potential evaporation of the bare soil. It is also possible to determine the distribution of rainfall or other variables such as hydraulic conductivity. Studies have shown that microwave sensors could be used to scan the surface soil moisture. The solution choose by the team associated with the SMOS mission (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) is to use a radiometer (1.4 GHz) to identify soil microwave emissions . The measurements are made on the site of CESBIO in Toulouse where a 1.4 GHz radiometer is installed . The effect of vegetation cover, soil temperatures, snow cover, topography or moisture variations have an important role in the broadcast microwave surface. Other parameters such as the presence of inclusions in the ground (holes, stones), or soil texture can also disrupt measurements. The aim of the work that we present in this paper is to develop a numerical model to simulate complex geological structures. This model must take into account all parameters that can affect the equivalent permittivity measured by the radiometer (surface, moisture variation ,... inclusions). The purpose of this model is to calculate the equivalent permittivity of these geological structures in order to be able to associate with each radiometer measurement an equivalent moisture.
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