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arXiv 0801.2782astro-ph
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双子座和哈勃太空望远镜证据表明半人马座ω星系中存在中等质量黑洞

Gemini and Hubble Space Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate Mass Black Hole in omega Centauri

Eva Noyola, Karl Gebhardt, Marcel Bergmann

摘要:

半人马座球状星团是银河系中最大、质量最大的成员之一。然而,它作为球状星团的分类受到了挑战,使它成为吸积矮星系剥离核心的候选者;这与它具有我们银河系中最大的星团速度分散的事实一起,使它成为一个有趣的候选者,以窝藏中等质量的黑洞。我们从中心的HST/ACS图像上的积分光测量表面亮度轮廓,并且发现对数斜率为-0.08的中心幂律尖点。我们还分析了双子座GMOS-IFU的运动学数据为5x 5弧秒的领域集中在核心的集群,以及为一个领域14 arcsecaway。我们检测到一个明显的上升速度色散从18.6公里/秒在14弧秒到23公里/秒的中心。速度色散的增加可能是由于中心的黑洞,恒星残余物的中心集中,或径向偏置的中心轨道结构。我们讨论每一种可能性。一个各向同性的球形动力学模型意味着一个黑洞的质量为4.0^{+0.75}_{-1.0}乘以10^4 M_sun,并且在大于99%的显著性时排除了没有黑洞的情况。我们还运行了扁平的、基于轨道的模型,并发现了类似的结果。虽然我们的首选模型是存在一个中心黑洞,但需要详细的数值模拟来自信地排除其他可能性。

英文摘要:

The globular cluster omega Centauri is one of the largest and most massive members of the galactic system. However, its classification as a globular cluster has been challenged making it a candidate for being the stripped core of an accreted dwarf galaxy; this together with the fact that it has one of the largest velocity dispersions for star clusters in our galaxy makes it an interesting candidate for harboring an intermediate mass black hole. We measure the surface brightness profile from integrated light on an HST}/ACS image of the center, and find a central power-law cusp of logarithmic slope -0.08. We also analyze Gemini GMOS-IFU kinematic data for a 5x5 arcsec field centered on the nucleus of the cluster, as well as for a field 14 arcsecaway. We detect a clear rise in the velocity dispersion from 18.6 km/s at 14 arcsec to 23 km/s in the center. A rise in the velocity dispersion could be due to a central black hole, a central concentration of stellar remnants, or a central orbital structure that is radially biased. We discuss each of these possibilities. An isotropic, spherical dynamical model implies a black hole mass of 4.0^{+0.75}_{-1.0} times 10^4 M_sun, and excludes the no black hole case at greater than 99% significance. We have also run flattened, orbit-based models and find similar results. While our preferred model is the existence of a central black hole, detailed numerical simulations are required to confidently rule out the other possibilities.

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