G. F. Giudice
A non-technical discussion of the naturalness criterion and its implications for new physics searches at the LHC. To be published in the book "LHC Perspectives", edited by G. Kane and A. Pierce.
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Motivated by LHC results, we modify the usual criterion for naturalness by ignoring the uncomputable power divergences. The Standard Model satisfies the modified criterion ('finite naturalness') for the measured values of its parameters. Extensions of the SM motivated by observations (Dark Matter, neutrino masses, the strong CP problem, vacuum instability, inflation) satisfy finite naturalness in special ranges of their parameter spaces which often imply new particles below a few TeV. Finite naturalness bounds are weaker than usual naturalness bounds because any new particle with SM gauge inte…
The sensitivity criterion is widely used in measuring the level of fine-tuning, although many examples show it doesn't work under certain circumstances. We discuss the mathematics behind the fine-tuning problems, explain the mathematical meanings of the sensitivity criterion, point out three implicit assumptions behind this criterion. Because of these assumptions, the sensitivity criterion can't reflect the fine-tuning level correctly. By analyzing two well known examples that the sensitivity criterion failed, we point out the dimensional effect is the main reason why we have these problems. T…
I define a naturalness criterion formalizing the intuitive notion of naturalness discussed in the literature. After that, using $ϕ^4$ as an example, I demonstrate that a theory may be natural in the $MS$-scheme and, at the same time, unnatural in the Gell-Mann--Low scheme. Finally, I discuss the prospects of using a version of the Gell-Mann--Low scheme in the Standard Model.
We analyze the symmetry-breaking patterns of grand unified theories from the point of view of a recently-proposed criterion of renormalization-group naturalness. We perform the analysis on simple non-SUSY SU(5) and SO(10) and SUSY SU(5) GUTs. We find that the naturalness criterion can favor spontaneous-symmetry-breaking in the direction of the smallest of the maximal little groups. Some differences between theories with and without supersymmetry are also emphasized.
With the Higgs boson discovery and no new physics found at the LHC, confidence in Naturalness as a guiding principle for particle physics is under increased pressure. We wait to see if it proves its mettle in the LHC upgrades ahead, and beyond. In the meantime, in a series of "realistic intellectual leaps" I present a justification {\it a posteriori} of the Naturalness criterion by suggesting that uncompromising application of the principle to quantum electrodynamics leads toward the Standard Model and Higgs boson without additional experimental input. Potential lessons for today and future th…
We study the implications of a criterion of naturalness for a simple two Higgs doublet model in the context of the discovery of a Higgs like particle with a mass at 125 GeV. This condition which measures the amount of fine tuning further limits the parameter space of this particular model and together with other phenomenological constraints leads to an allowed range of masses for the other neutral or charged Higgs bosons: H, a^{\pm}, a^0.
The naturalness criterion applied to the cosmological constant implies a new-physics threshold at 10^-3 eV. Either the naturalness criterion fails, or this threshold does not influence particle dynamics at higher energies. It has been suggested that the Higgs naturalness problem may follow the same fate. We investigate this possibility and, abandoning the hierarchy problem, we use unification and dark matter as the only guiding principles. The model recently proposed by Arkani-Hamed and Dimopoulos emerges as a very interesting option. We study it in detail, analysing its structure, and the con…
The Implications of Naturalness in Effective Field Theory on the Masses of Resonances
许多年前，温伯格为有效理论制定了一个“自然性”的定义：如果一个有效理论是有意义的，当截止尺度改变一个1阶因子时，系数不能改变太多。作为一个例子，我们考虑简单的场论，其中的$O(N)$对称性自发破缺为$O(N-1)$。我们表明，在这些理论中，温伯格的自然有效理论的标准可以直接应用于$S$矩阵;它意味着，新物理的规模，超越戈德斯通玻色子，可能不会太大：总是有一个粒子或削减质量低于或约$4 πf / \sqrt{N}$。讨论了手征拉格朗日展开式的收敛范围。要建立一个不满足温伯格准则的基本理论，似乎是不可能的。
We discuss the role of the effective interactions among four matter fermions in supersymmetric models with a very light gravitino. We show that, from a field-theoretical viewpoint, no model-independent bound on the gravitino mass can be derived from such interactions. Making use of a naturalness criterion, however, we are able to derive some interesting but not very stringent bounds, complementary to those obtained from the direct production of supersymmetric particles. We also show that, generically, masses for the spin-0 partners of the goldstino (sgoldstinos) of the order of the gravitino m…
New physics coupling to the Higgs sector of the Standard Model can lead to dangerously large corrections to the Higgs mass. We investigate this problem in the type II seesaw model for neutrino mass, where a weak scalar triplet is introduced. The interplay of direct and indirect constraints on the type II seesaw model with its contribution to the Higgs mass is analyzed. The focus lies on testable triplet masses and (sub) eV-scale triplet vacuum expectation values. We identify scenarios that are testable in collider and/or lepton flavor violation experiments, while satisfying the Higgs naturalne…
One of the early criterion proposed for naturalness was a relatively small Higgs mixing parameter $μ$ with $μ/M_Z$ order few. A relatively small $μ$ may lead to heavier Higgs masses ($H^0, A, H^{\pm}$ in MSSM) which are significantly lighter than other scalars such as squarks. Such a situation is realized on the hyperbolic branch of radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry. In this analysis we construct supergravity unified models with relatively small $μ$ in the sense described above and discuss the search for the charged Higgs boson $H^{\pm}$ at HL-LHC and HE-LHC where we also carry ou…
Dark Energy and the Symbiosis Between Micro-physics and Cosmology (Naturally)
本文以暗能量本质之谜为主线，综述暗 sector 观测性质与多种理论解释，强调低能基本理论中的相互作用、尺度层级及自然性标准对连接微观物理与宇宙学的作用。
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