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arXiv 0801.1077cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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从第一性原理计算低折射率金属表面的表面能、work functions和表面弛豫

Surface energies, work functions, and surface relaxations of low index metallic surfaces from first-principles

Nicholas E. Singh-Miller, Nicola Marzari

摘要:

我们研究了弛豫,表面能,和低指数金属表面的赝势平面波密度泛函计算在广义梯度近似下的功函数。我们在这里研究的(100),(110)和(111)表面的Al,Pd,Pt和Au和(0001)表面的Ti,选择它们作为接触或铅材料在纳米器件。我们在平板超胞近似中考虑干净的、大部分未重建的表面。特别注意的是,这些数量的收敛相对于板坯厚度,此外,不同的方法计算的功函数和表面能进行比较。我们发现,使用散装参考计算的表面能和功函数可能是有害的收敛,除非数值网格是紧密匹配的,特别是当表面松弛正在考虑。我们的结果和比较表明,计算值往往不定量匹配的实验值。这对于表面弛豫和表面能是可以理解的,其中实验值可能具有大的误差,但即使对于功函数,局部或半局部泛函也不是每种情况下的准确选择。

英文摘要:

We study the relaxations, surface energies, and work functions of low index metallic surfaces using pseudopotential plane-wave density-functional calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. We study here the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of Al, Pd, Pt, and Au and the (0001) surface of Ti, chosen for their use as contact or lead materials in nanoscale devices. We consider clean, mostly non-reconstructed surfaces in the slab-supercell approximation. Particular attention is paid to the convergence of these quantities with respect to slab thickness; furthermore, different methodologies for the calculation of work functions and surfaces energies are compared. We find that the use of bulk references for calculations of surface energies and work functions can be detrimental to convergence unless numerical grids are closely matched, especially when surface relaxations are being considered. Our results and comparison show that calculated values often do not quantitatively match experimental values. This may be understandable for the surface relaxations and surface energies, where experimental values can have large error, but even for the work functions, neither local nor semi-local functionals emerge as an accurate choice for every case.

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