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arXiv 0801.0990astro-ph
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用恒星光的分层积累测试冷暗物质

Testing Cold Dark Matter with the hierarchical buildup of stellar light

Michael L. Balogh, Ian G. McCarthy, Richard G. Bower, Vincent R. Eke

摘要:

(摘要)我们证明了层次结构增长的原则直接导致一个强大的,可证伪的预测恒星分数(fstar)和星系团和星系团的总系统质量(M500)之间的相关性。这种预测对重子物理学或宇宙学参数的细节相对不敏感。特别是,如果fstar-M500关系是固定的,并且不随红移而变化,CDM模型预测这个关系的对数斜率为b>-0.3。如果fstar-M500关系强烈演化,这个限制可以被削弱,但这意味着更多的恒星必须在低红移的群体中原位形成。保守地要求至少有一半的恒星是在z=1时形成的,演化模型的限制是b>-0.35。由于观测到质量最大的星团(M500= 1 E15 Msun)的fstar=0.01,这意味着M500= 5E 13 Msun的星团的fstar必须<0.03。Gonzalez等人(2007年)最近的观察表明,一个更陡峭的关系,在群体中fstar>0.04,导致b=-0.64。如果得到证实,这将排除等级结构形成模型:今天的星系团不可能是从今天的星系团建立的,甚至不可能是从那些星系团的高红移祖先建立的。我们对这些数据和其他数据进行仔细分析,以确定其测量中最重要的系统不确定性。虽然恒星和总质量的相关不确定性可以解释观测到的陡峭关系,但只有在观测到的群质量被系统性地低估时,数据才与理论相一致。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We demonstrate that the tenet of hierarchical structure growth leads directly to a robust, falsifiable prediction for the correlation between stellar fraction (fstar) and total system mass (M500) of galaxy groups and clusters. This prediction is relatively insensitive to the details of baryonic physics or cosmological parameters. In particular, if the fstar-M500 relation is fixed and does not evolve with redshift, CDM models predict the logarithmic slope of this relation to be b>-0.3. This constraint can be weakened if the fstar-M500 relation evolves strongly, but this implies more stars must be formed in situ in groups at low redshift. Conservatively requiring that at least half the stars in groups were formed by z=1, the constraint from evolution models is b>-0.35. Since the most massive clusters (M500=1E15 Msun) are observed to have fstar=0.01, this means that groups with M500=5E13 Msun must have fstar<0.03. Recent observations by Gonzalez et al. (2007) indicate a much steeper relation, with fstar>0.04 in groups, leading to b=-0.64. If confirmed, this would rule out hierarchical structure formation models: today's clusters could not have been built from today's groups, or even from the higher-redshift progenitors of those groups. We perform a careful analysis of these and other data to identify the most important systematic uncertainties in their measurements. Although correlated uncertainties on stellar and total masses might explain the steep observed relation, the data are only consistent with theory if the observed group masses are systematically underestimated.

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