看不见的太阳黑子和太阳磁通量出现率
Invisible sunspots and rate of solar magnetic flux emergence
摘要：
研究了太阳黑子的可见度及其对黑子区参数观测值的影响。我们使用AstroGrid提供的虚拟天文台工具来分析6862个太阳黑子区域的样本。通过研究黑子在日面上出现的位置分布，导出了黑子的可见度函数、太阳活动区的磁通量出现率和增长期与衰减期的比值。我们证明了小太阳黑子的可见度有很强的中心到边缘的变化，远远大于几何（投影）效应的预期。这导致大量的年轻斑点不可见：44%的太阳西部新出现的区域未被发现。对于探测到的太阳黑子区域，实际位置和通量出现的时间与从太阳黑子数据得出的明显位置和时间之间存在很大差异。到目前为止，太阳能区域生长阶段的持续时间一直被低估。
英文摘要：
We study the visibility of sunspots and its influence on observed values of sunspot region parameters. We use Virtual Observatory tools provided by AstroGrid to analyse a sample of 6862 sunspot regions. By studying the distributions of locations where sunspots were first and last observed on the solar disk, we derive the visibility function of sunspots, the rate of magnetic flux emergence and the ratio between the durations of growth and decay phases of solar active regions. We demonstrate that the visibility of small sunspots has a strong center-to-limb variation, far larger than would be expected from geometrical (projection) effects. This results in a large number of young spots being invisible: 44% of new regions emerging in the West of the Sun go undetected. For sunspot regions that are detected, large differences exist between actual locations and times of flux emergence, and the apparent ones derived from sunspot data. The duration of the growth phase of solar regions has been up to now underestimated.
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