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arXiv 0801.0479physics.geo-ph
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摩擦滑动过程中模拟断层的热成像研究

Thermal imaging on simulated faults during frictional sliding

Karen Mair, François Renard, Olav Gundersen

摘要:

摩擦滑动过程中的加热是地震能量收支的一个主要组成部分,代表了一种潜在的弱化机制。因此,重要的是要研究如何在模拟故障滑动过程中的热耗散。我们目前的结果从实验室摩擦实验中的岩盐(NaCl)滑块保持在恒定的负载下被拖过粗糙的基板。记录表面演变和摩擦阻力。在滑动表面的热排放是使用红外摄像机监测。我们证明了塑性形变的岩盐和增强加热的特点是短暂的局部热点之间的联系。当砂'凿'被添加到界面,加热是更扩散。重要的是,当强凸体集中变形时,局部产生显著更多的热。在自然断层中,这些区域可能是熔体产生的成核补丁,因此在地震期间可能会以比以前认为的小得多的滑动速度或剪切应力开始弱化。

英文摘要:

Heating during frictional sliding is a major component of the energy budget of earthquakes and represents a potential weakening mechanism. It is therefore important to investigate how heat dissipates during sliding on simulated faults. We present results from laboratory friction experiments where a halite (NaCl) slider held under constant load is dragged across a coarse substrate. Surface evolution and frictional resistance are recorded. Heat emission at the sliding surface is monitored using an infra-red camera. We demonstrate a link between plastic deformations of halite and enhanced heating characterized by transient localized heat spots. When sand 'gouge' is added to the interface, heating is more diffuse. Importantly, when strong asperities concentrate deformation, significantly more heat is produced locally. In natural faults such regions could be nucleation patches for melt production and hence potentially initiate weakening during earthquakes at much smaller sliding velocities or shear stress than previously thought.

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