尘埃与磁性包裹体的排列：辐射力矩和超顺磁Barnett及核弛豫
Alignment of Dust with Magnetic Inclusions: Radiative Torques and Superparamagnetic Barnett and Nuclear Relaxation
摘要：
我们认为晶粒与超顺磁性夹杂物和报告两个新的凝聚态物质的影响，可以提高内部松弛的能量的摆动颗粒，即，超顺磁性巴尼特弛豫，以及，增加频率的核弛豫变得重要。这一发现扩展了晶粒被热捕获的晶粒尺寸的范围，即热旋转，尽管存在未补偿的风车扭矩。此外，我们表明，通过辐射扭矩的尘埃颗粒的排列得到修改超顺磁性颗粒，与颗粒获得完美的对齐相对于磁场，只要颗粒气体随机化时间变得大于顺磁弛豫。同样的结论也适用于螺旋晶粒的机械排列。如果观察证实排列程度高于单独产生的辐射扭矩，这可能是超顺磁性包裹体存在的证据。
英文摘要：
We consider grains with superparamagnetic inclusions and report two new condensed matter effects that can enhance the internal relaxation of the energy of a wobbling grain, namely, superparamagnetic Barnett relaxation, as well as, an increase of frequencies for which nuclear relaxation becomes important. This findings extends the range of grain sizes for which grains are thermally trapped, i.e. rotate thermally, in spite of the presence of uncompensated pinwheel torques. In addition, we show that the alignment of dust grains by radiative torques gets modified for superparamagnetic grains, with grains obtaining perfect alignment with respect to magnetic fields as soon as the grain gaseous randomization time gets larger than that of paramagnetic relaxation. The same conclusion is valid for the mechanical alignment of helical grains. If observations confirm that the degrees of alignment are higher than radiative torques can produce alone, this may be a proof of the presence of superparamagentic inclusions.
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