生化反应常数的适应性突变：无多效性的Fisher几何模型
Adaptive mutation of biochemical reaction constants: Fisher's geometrical model without pleiotropy
摘要：
适应性突变的适应性效应的分布仍然知之甚少，无论是经验上还是理论上。我们研究这个分布使用一个版本的费舍尔的几何模型没有多效性，这样每个突变只影响一个单一的性状。我们的动机是有机体的化学型的概念，一套生化反应常数，管理其分子组成。从物理考虑，我们预计化学型是高维的，并且表现出很少的多效性。我们的模型一般预测引人注目的尖点的出现和固定突变的健身效果的分布。它进一步预测，一个单一的元素的化学型应该包括所有的突变，在这些分布的高适合度端。使用极值理论，我们表明，具有最高拟合度的两个尖点通常是分开的，即使当化学型拥有数千个元素，这表明一种手段来观察这些尖点实验。更广泛地说，我们的工作表明，对进化的新见解可以从化学型的角度，基因型和表型之间的角度出现。
英文摘要：
The distribution of fitness effects of adaptive mutations remains poorly understood, both empirically and theoretically. We study this distribution using a version of Fisher's geometrical model without pleiotropy, such that each mutation affects only a single trait. We are motivated by the notion of an organism's chemotype, the set of biochemical reaction constants that govern its molecular constituents. From physical considerations, we expect the chemotype to be of high dimension and to exhibit very little pleiotropy. Our model generically predicts striking cusps in the distribution of the fitness effects of arising and fixed mutations. It further predicts that a single element of the chemotype should comprise all mutations at the high-fitness ends of these distributions. Using extreme value theory, we show that the two cusps with the highest fitnesses are typically well-separated, even when the chemotype possesses thousands of elements; this suggests a means to observe these cusps experimentally. More broadly, our work demonstrates that new insights into evolution can arise from the chemotype perspective, a perspective between the genotype and the phenotype.
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