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arXiv 0712.3070astro-ph
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超新星爆炸和中子星的诞生

Supernova explosions and the birth of neutron stars

H. -Th. Janka, A. Marek, B. Mueller, L. Scheck

摘要:

我们在这里报告的最新进展,了解中子星的诞生条件和超新星爆炸的方式。更复杂的数值模型导致了超新星核心新现象的发现,例如停滞超新星激波对低模非径向变形的一般流体动力学不稳定性,以及新生中子星表面和核心引力波活动的激发。两者都可以对爆炸的开始产生支持性或决定性的影响,前者通过在激波后气体中加热中微子来改善能量沉积的条件,后者通过为发展中的爆炸提供增加中微子能量传递的声能流来实现。虽然最近的二维模型表明,中微子驱动的机制可能是可行的恒星从大约8个太阳质量到至少15个太阳质量,声能输入已被提倡作为替代,如果中微子加热失败。磁流体动力学效应构成了另一种引发爆炸的方式,与足够快速旋转的恒星核心的坍塌有关,可能与磁星的诞生有关。在最近的模拟中看到的全球爆炸的不对称性甚至为年轻中子星的最高测量反冲速度提供了解释。

英文摘要:

We report here on recent progress in understanding the birth conditions of neutron stars and the way how supernovae explode. More sophisticated numerical models have led to the discovery of new phenomena in the supernova core, for example a generic hydrodynamic instability of the stagnant supernova shock against low-mode nonradial deformation and the excitation of gravity-wave activity in the surface and core of the nascent neutron star. Both can have supportive or decisive influence on the inauguration of the explosion, the former by improving the conditions for energy deposition by neutrino heating in the postshock gas, the latter by supplying the developing blast with a flux of acoustic power that adds to the energy transfer by neutrinos. While recent two-dimensional models suggest that the neutrino-driven mechanism may be viable for stars from about 8 solar masses to at least 15 solar masses, acoustic energy input has been advocated as an alternative if neutrino heating fails. Magnetohydrodynamic effects constitute another way to trigger explosions in connection with the collapse of sufficiently rapidly rotating stellar cores, perhaps linked to the birth of magnetars. The global explosion asymmetries seen in the recent simulations offer an explanation of even the highest measured kick velocities of young neutron stars.

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