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arXiv 0712.2882astro-ph
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Sgr A* 的Chandra、CSO和VLA同时观测:耀斑活动的性质

Simultaneous Chandra, CSO and VLA Observations of Sgr A*: The Nature of Flaring Activity

F. Yusef-Zadeh, M. Wardle, C. Heinke, C. D. Dowell, D. Roberts, F. K. Baganoff, W. D. Cotton

摘要:

Sgr A*,银河系中心的大质量黑洞,通过每小时时间尺度的X射线发射来改变无线电。耀斑活动被认为产生于Sgr A* 上的吸积流的最内部区域。我们提出了同步光变曲线的Sgr A* 在无线电,亚毫米和X-射线,显示可能的时间延迟110 $\pm17$分钟之间的X-射线和850 $μ$米,这表明亚毫米耀斑发射是光学厚。在无线电波长,我们检测到的时间滞后的$20.4\pm6.8, 30\pm12$和20 $\pm6$分钟之间的耀斑峰值在13和7毫米(22和43 GHz)在三个不同的时期使用VLA。当在2006年7月17日的整个观测中取平均值时,分别在7 mm和13 mm处检测到1 $\pm0.2$ %和0.7 $\pm0.1$ %的线偏振。一个简单的模型的泡沫同步辐射电子冷却通过绝热膨胀可以解释不同波长之间的时间延迟,光变曲线的不对称形状,并观察到的偏振耀斑发射在43和22 GHz。推导出的表征发射的物理量给出了膨胀速度v $_{exp} \sim 0.003-0.1$ c、磁场B $\sim$ 10-70高斯和粒子光谱指数p $\sim$ 1-2。这些参数表明,相关的等离子体不能逃离Sgr A*,除非它有一个大的整体运动。

英文摘要:

Sgr A*, the massive black hole at the center of the Galaxy, varies in radio through X-ray emission on hourly time scales. The flare activity is thought to arise from the innermost region of an accretion flow onto Sgr A*. We present simultaneous light curves of Sgr A* in radio, sub-mm and X-rays that show a possible time delay of 110$\pm17$ minutes between X-ray and 850 $μ$m suggesting that the sub-mm flare emission is optically thick. At radio wavelengths, we detect time lags of of $20.4\pm6.8, 30\pm12$ and 20$\pm6$ minutes between the flare peaks observed at 13 and 7 mm (22 and 43 GHz) in three different epochs using the VLA. Linear polarization of 1$\pm0.2$% and 0.7$\pm0.1$% is detected at 7 and 13 mm, respectively, when averaged over the entire observation on 2006 July 17. A simple model of a bubble of synchrotron emitting electrons cooling via adiabatic expansion can explain the time delay between various wavelengths, the asymmetric shape of the light curves, and the observed polarization of the flare emission at 43 and 22 GHz. The derived physical quantities that characterize the emission give an expansion speed of v$_{exp} \sim 0.003-0.1$c, magnetic field of B$\sim$10-70 Gauss and particle spectral index p$\sim$1-2. These parameters suggest that the associated plasma cannot escape from Sgr A* unless it has a large bulk motion.

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